Yi Boyu, Xia Zhigui
National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research), National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Health Commission Key Laboratory on Parasite and Vector Biology, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.
China CDC Wkly. 2025 May 2;7(18):602-608. doi: 10.46234/ccdcw2025.100.
To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of imported malaria in China from 2019 to 2023 and to explore risk factors for severe malaria cases, thereby providing a theoretical basis for early clinical identification and intervention of severe malaria.
National malaria case data were retrospectively collected from 2019 to 2023 through the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Parasitic Disease Prevention and Control Information System. Study subjects were divided into severe and non-severe malaria cases, and the characteristics of both groups were analyzed. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to explore risk factors for developing severe malaria.
From 2019 to 2023, a total of 7,892 imported malaria cases were reported nationwide, including 673 severe cases and 7,219 non-severe cases. There were 7,353 (93.2%) male and 539 (6.8%) female patients. Compared to non-severe malaria patients, severe malaria patients were older (43.9±10.4 years), predominantly originated from Africa (643,95.5%), had a higher frequency of recent overseas residence within the past month (609,90.5%), were typically infected with (527,78.3%), and had a higher mortality rate (47,7.0%). Severe cases had longer median time intervals from symptom onset to medical visit (4 days), from visit to diagnosis (2 days), and from diagnosis to treatment (2 days), and a longer median medication time (7 days), all <0.05.
This study identified risk factors for severe malaria and recommends focusing on monitoring patients' age, infection source, species, time from onset to hospital visit, and recent history of foreign residence. These findings provide a valuable reference for effectively managing malaria cases and reducing the incidence of severe malaria in the future.
分析2019年至2023年中国输入性疟疾的流行病学特征，探讨重症疟疾病例的危险因素，从而为重症疟疾的早期临床识别和干预提供理论依据。
通过中国疾病预防控制中心寄生虫病预防控制信息系统，回顾性收集2019年至2023年全国疟疾病例数据。研究对象分为重症和非重症疟疾病例，并分析两组的特征。采用多因素logistic回归分析探讨发生重症疟疾的危险因素。
2019年至2023年，全国共报告输入性疟疾病例7892例，其中重症病例673例，非重症病例7219例。男性患者7353例（93.2%），女性患者539例（6.8%）。与非重症疟疾患者相比，重症疟疾患者年龄较大（43.9±10.4岁），主要来自非洲（643例，95.5%），过去1个月内近期海外居住频率较高（609例，90.5%），通常感染（527例，78.3%），死亡率较高（47例，7.0%）。重症病例从症状出现到就诊、从就诊到诊断、从诊断到治疗的中位时间间隔较长（均为4天），中位用药时间较长（7天），差异均<0.05。
本研究确定了重症疟疾的危险因素，建议重点监测患者的年龄、感染源、种类、发病至就诊时间以及近期国外居住史。这些发现为有效管理疟疾病例和降低未来重症疟疾的发病率提供了有价值的参考。
