Yang Yunan, Li Zhe, Zhou Nan, Lin Yangang, Sheng Qian, Thiri Myat, Wang Yao
School of Space and Earth Sciences, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China.
Biotechnology Research Department, Ministry of Education, Kyauk Se Township, Mandalay Division, 15011, Myanmar.
Sci Rep. 2025 May 20;15(1):17424. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-02440-x.
Due to its unique estuarine location at the junction of land and sea, mangrove wetlands are surrounded by numerous high-elevation shrimp ponds. The high-elevation shrimp ponds around the mangrove forest undergo 2.3 clearances by quicklime (CaO) disinfectant per year in China, but the impact of the quicklime disinfectant used and emitted on the mangrove wetland ecosystem is seriously underestimated. Due to the relatively limited data provided by high-elevation shrimp pond aquaculture in estuarine areas for the mangrove ecosystem, this study established an algorithm for calculating the reaction rate of quicklime disinfectants used in high-elevation shrimp pond aquaculture, which is the fundamental reason for the imbalance of N/P ratio in mangrove wetlands. Results showed that the amount of Ca(OH) produced by quicklime during the initial cleaning of the shrimp pond was 1303.4 t/a. The annual consumption of Ca(OH) by organic acids, strong chlorine disinfectants, and TP in the marine system was 154.6-171.5 t, 1.7 t, and < 284.5 t, respectively. The lack of phosphorus and the imbalance of N/P ratio caused by quicklime disinfectants may be a factor in the changes of mangrove wetlands and surrounding nearshore waters, the growth and decline of marine species, and even global changes.
由于红树林湿地位于陆地与海洋交界处这一独特的河口位置，其周围环绕着众多高地势虾塘。在中国，红树林周边的高地势虾塘每年要用生石灰（CaO）消毒剂进行2.3次清塘，但所使用和排放的生石灰消毒剂对红树林湿地生态系统的影响被严重低估。鉴于河口地区高地势虾塘养殖为红树林生态系统提供的数据相对有限，本研究建立了一种计算高地势虾塘养殖中使用的生石灰消毒剂反应速率的算法，这是红树林湿地氮磷比失衡的根本原因。结果表明，虾塘初次清塘时生石灰产生的Ca(OH)量为1303.4吨/年。海洋系统中有机酸、强氯消毒剂和总磷每年消耗的Ca(OH)量分别为154.6 - 171.5吨、1.7吨和<284.5吨。生石灰消毒剂导致的磷缺乏和氮磷比失衡可能是红树林湿地及周边近岸水域变化、海洋物种生长与衰退乃至全球变化的一个因素。
