Elkanawati Rani Yulifah, Sumiwi Sri Adi, Levita Jutti
Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, West Java, Indonesia.
Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, West Java, Indonesia.
J Exp Pharmacol. 2025 May 16;17:207-221. doi: 10.2147/JEP.S513301. eCollection 2025.
Insulin resistance (IR) is a condition where the body cannot respond properly to insulin, leading to elevated blood glucose and the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The first-line anti-T2DM drug is metformin, however, it has shown adverse effects, challenging the search for alternative natural drugs. Plant flavonoids stimulate cellular glucose uptake, decrease hyperglycemia, and regulate key signaling pathways in glucose metabolism. Brebes shallots ( L.) are known to contain flavonoids and thus may have the potential to inhibit IR.
To evaluate the effects of the ethanol extract of Brebes shallots in improving IR conditions.
Brebes shallots were collected from West Java, Indonesia. 500 g of the shallots were oven-dried and extracted using 70% ethanol for 3×24 h, the solvent was evaporated to a thick consistency, and the extract was abbreviated as EAA. The effects of EAA were studied in high-fat-high-fructose (HFHF)-induced Swiss-Webster male mice by performing the insulin tolerance test (ITT) and oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), and the liver and pancreas index. The nutritional composition and quercetin levels in the extract were also determined.
The extraction process yielded a 28.1% EAA. EAA reduces % weight gain, blood glucose levels in OGTT, and liver and pancreas index. EAA significantly improved insulin tolerance in the HFHF-induced mice ( 0.05). Proximate analysis resulted in 3.92% ash, 0.12% fat, 13.45% protein, and 60.69% carbohydrate, while quercetin was at 0.0065%.
L. extract may improve IR conditions as confirmed by its ability to increase the ITT value and reduce blood glucose levels. However, further studies are needed to confirm its role in alleviating metabolic disorders.
胰岛素抵抗（IR）是一种身体无法对胰岛素产生正常反应的状况，会导致血糖升高以及2型糖尿病（T2DM）的发生。一线抗T2DM药物是二甲双胍，然而，它已显示出不良反应，这促使人们寻找替代天然药物。植物黄酮类化合物可刺激细胞对葡萄糖的摄取，降低高血糖，并调节葡萄糖代谢中的关键信号通路。已知布勒贝斯葱（L.）含有黄酮类化合物，因此可能具有抑制IR的潜力。
评估布勒贝斯葱乙醇提取物改善IR状况的效果。
从印度尼西亚西爪哇采集布勒贝斯葱。将500克葱烘干后用70%乙醇提取3×24小时，将溶剂蒸发至浓稠状态，提取物简称为EAA。通过进行胰岛素耐量试验（ITT）、口服葡萄糖耐量试验（OGTT）以及肝脏和胰腺指数，研究EAA对高脂高果糖（HFHF）诱导的瑞士-韦伯斯特雄性小鼠的影响。还测定了提取物中的营养成分和槲皮素水平。
提取过程得到了28.1%的EAA。EAA可降低体重增加百分比、OGTT中的血糖水平以及肝脏和胰腺指数。EAA显著改善了HFHF诱导小鼠的胰岛素耐受性（P<0.05）。近似分析结果显示灰分含量为3.92%、脂肪含量为0.12%、蛋白质含量为13.45%、碳水化合物含量为60.69%，而槲皮素含量为0.0065%。
L.提取物可能改善IR状况，这通过其增加ITT值和降低血糖水平的能力得到证实。然而，需要进一步研究来证实其在缓解代谢紊乱中的作用。
