Wang Fuyuan, Zhang Min, Huang Yiming, Tang Yuting, He Chuning, Fang Xinxin, Wang Xuechun, Zhang Yiran
School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China.
Eur J Investig Health Psychol Educ. 2025 May 7;15(5):73. doi: 10.3390/ejihpe15050073.
Workplace psychosocial hazards pose significant risks to the well-being of health workers (HWs). This study aimed to explore the levels of psychosocial factors experienced by Chinese and international workers and examine associations between psychosocial factors, health-related outcomes (mental problems and general health), and turnover intention across various occupational stages. A cross-sectional study was conducted using stratified cluster sampling methods at four hospitals in southern China. Psychosocial factors, mental health, general health, and turnover intention were assessed using the Chinese version of the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire III. Multivariate linear and logistic regression analyses were conducted. A total of 1054 HWs participated in this study (response rate: 80.21%). Compared to international samples, Chinese HWs showed significant differences in nine psychosocial dimensions, particularly interpersonal relations, leadership, and the work-individual interface. Senior hospital managers reported significantly higher stress (51.09 ± 23.88, < 0.001), sleep troubles (53.26 ± 24.92, = 0.003), and poorer general health (57.61 ± 37.26, = 0.035) than other occupational stages. Work-life conflict ( = 0.172), emotional demands ( = 0.132), and role clarity ( = -0.132) were the strongest predictors of mental health issues. Hiding emotions demands ( = -0.141) and leadership quality ( = 0.130) most strongly predicted general health. The turnover intention rate was 11.01%, with job satisfaction ( = 0.964) being the strongest negative predictor. Reducing psychosocial stressors, particularly in work-life balance, role clarity, emotional demand, and leadership quality, could improve HWs' well-being and reduce turnover intention.
工作场所的社会心理危害对卫生工作者的健康构成重大风险。本研究旨在探讨中国和国际卫生工作者所经历的社会心理因素水平，并研究社会心理因素、健康相关结果（心理问题和总体健康状况）以及不同职业阶段的离职意向之间的关联。在中国南方的四家医院采用分层整群抽样方法进行了一项横断面研究。使用哥本哈根社会心理问卷III中文版评估社会心理因素、心理健康、总体健康状况和离职意向。进行了多变量线性和逻辑回归分析。共有1054名卫生工作者参与了本研究（应答率：80.21%）。与国际样本相比，中国卫生工作者在九个社会心理维度上存在显著差异，尤其是人际关系、领导能力和工作与个人的界面。医院高级管理人员报告的压力（51.09±23.88，<0.001）、睡眠问题（53.26±24.92，=0.003）和总体健康状况较差（57.61±37.26，=0.035）均显著高于其他职业阶段。工作与生活的冲突（=0.172）、情感需求（=0.132）和角色清晰度（=-0.132）是心理健康问题的最强预测因素。隐藏情感需求（=-0.141）和领导素质（=0.130）对总体健康状况的预测作用最强。离职意向率为11.01%，工作满意度（=0.964）是最强的负向预测因素。减少社会心理压力源，特别是在工作与生活平衡、角色清晰度、情感需求和领导素质方面，可以改善卫生工作者的健康状况并降低离职意向。
