Muñoz Paula Sofía, Orozco Ana Sofía, Pabón Jaime, Gómez Daniel, Salazar-Cabrera Ricardo, Cerón Jesús D, López Diego M, Blobel Bernd
Telematics Engineering Research Group, Telematics Department, Universidad del Cauca, Popayán 190002, Colombia.
Medical Faculty, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
J Pers Med. 2025 May 20;15(5):208. doi: 10.3390/jpm15050208.
Activities of Daily Living (ADLs) are crucial for assessing an individual's autonomy, encompassing tasks such as eating, dressing, and moving around, among others. Predicting these activities is part of health monitoring, elderly care, and intelligent systems, improving quality of life, and facilitating early dependency detection, all of which are relevant components of personalized health and social care. However, the automatic classification of ADLs from sensor data remains challenging due to high variability in human behavior, sensor noise, and discrepancies in data acquisition protocols. These challenges limit the accuracy and applicability of existing solutions. This study details the modeling and evaluation of real-time ADL classification models based on batch learning (BL) and stream learning (SL) algorithms. The methodology followed is the Cross-Industry Standard Process for Data Mining (CRISP-DM). The models were trained with a comprehensive dataset integrating 23 ADL-centric datasets using accelerometers and gyroscopes data. The data were preprocessed by applying normalization and sampling rate unification techniques, and finally, relevant sensor locations on the body were selected. After cleaning and debugging, a final dataset was generated, containing 238,990 samples, 56 activities, and 52 columns. The study compared models trained with BL and SL algorithms, evaluating their performance under various classification scenarios using accuracy, area under the curve (AUC), and F1-score metrics. Finally, a mobile application was developed to classify ADLs in real time (feeding data from a dataset). The outcome of this study can be used in various data science projects related to ADL and Human activity recognition (HAR), and due to the integration of diverse data sources, it is potentially useful to address bias and improve generalizability in Machine Learning models. The principal advantage of online learning algorithms is dynamically adapting to data changes, representing a significant advance in personal autonomy and health care monitoring.
日常生活活动(ADLs)对于评估个人的自主性至关重要,包括进食、穿衣和四处走动等任务。预测这些活动是健康监测、老年护理和智能系统的一部分,有助于提高生活质量并促进早期依赖性检测,所有这些都是个性化健康和社会护理的相关组成部分。然而,由于人类行为的高度变异性、传感器噪声以及数据采集协议的差异,从传感器数据中自动分类ADLs仍然具有挑战性。这些挑战限制了现有解决方案的准确性和适用性。本研究详细介绍了基于批学习(BL)和流学习(SL)算法的实时ADL分类模型的建模和评估。所遵循的方法是跨行业数据挖掘标准流程(CRISP-DM)。使用加速度计和陀螺仪数据,通过整合23个以ADL为中心的数据集组成的综合数据集对模型进行训练。通过应用归一化和采样率统一技术对数据进行预处理,最后选择身体上相关的传感器位置。经过清理和调试,生成了一个最终数据集,包含238,990个样本、56种活动和52列。该研究比较了使用BL和SL算法训练的模型,使用准确率、曲线下面积(AUC)和F1分数指标评估它们在各种分类场景下的性能。最后,开发了一个移动应用程序来实时分类ADLs(从数据集中输入数据)。本研究的结果可用于与ADL和人类活动识别(HAR)相关的各种数据科学项目,并且由于整合了不同的数据源,它在解决机器学习模型中的偏差和提高泛化能力方面可能很有用。在线学习算法的主要优点是能够动态适应数据变化,这代表了个人自主性和医疗保健监测方面的重大进步。