He Zhangping, Zuo Peiyao, Xu Peiliu, Yuan Haozhi, Bhave Madhura, Wei Xiangying, Yang Ziyan, Han Lu, Schmid Sandra L, Chen Zhiming
Department of Clinical Laboratory of The First Affiliated Hospital, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Birth Defect Research and Prevention, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Rare Pediatric Diseases, Institute of Cytology and Genetics of School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China.
Department of Clinical Laboratory of The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2025 Jun 3;122(22):e2503738122. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2503738122. Epub 2025 May 27.
Clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) begins with the assembly of clathrin onto the plasma membrane. These structures grow and stabilize to form clathrin-coated pits (CCPs), which invaginate and accumulate cargo. Finally, through membrane fission, CCPs detach to form clathrin-coated vesicles (CCVs). Mechanisms governing the transition of CCPs from flat-to-curved structures have been a matter of debate. GAK and its chaperone protein, Hsc70, are well known to mediate clathrin release from CCVs, and several studies have observed a late burst of GAK recruitment as CCVs form. Other studies have proposed that early recruitment of GAK-Hsc70 could function to provide the necessary energy source to remodel nascent flat clathrin lattices, replacing hexagons with pentagons and enabling a gain of curvature and invagination of the growing CCP; however, direct functional evidence is lacking. Here, we show that GAK knockdown inhibits CCP stabilization and invagination. Furthermore, mutations in the J domain of GAK that abolish Hsc70 recruitment to and activation at CCPs lead to the accumulation of GAK at CCPs, hinder CCP stabilization and invagination, and result in a striking increase in the proportion of highly transient, abortive CCPs. These findings support the hypothesis that GAK-Hsc70 promotes the turnover and remodeling of nascent clathrin assemblies required for curvature development during CME.
网格蛋白介导的内吞作用(CME)始于网格蛋白在质膜上的组装。这些结构生长并稳定下来形成网格蛋白包被小窝(CCP),CCP内陷并积累货物。最后,通过膜裂变,CCP脱离形成网格蛋白包被囊泡(CCV)。控制CCP从扁平结构向弯曲结构转变的机制一直存在争议。众所周知,GAK及其伴侣蛋白Hsc70介导网格蛋白从CCV释放,并且有几项研究观察到在CCV形成时GAK募集出现后期爆发。其他研究提出,GAK-Hsc70的早期募集可能起到提供必要能量源的作用,以重塑新生的扁平网格蛋白晶格,用五边形取代六边形,从而使生长中的CCP获得曲率并内陷;然而,缺乏直接的功能证据。在这里,我们表明敲低GAK会抑制CCP的稳定和内陷。此外,GAK的J结构域中的突变消除了Hsc70在CCP处的募集和激活,导致GAK在CCP处积累,阻碍CCP的稳定和内陷,并导致高度短暂的、流产型CCP的比例显著增加。这些发现支持了这样一种假说,即GAK-Hsc70促进CME过程中曲率发展所需的新生网格蛋白组装体的周转和重塑。
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