Ortega Ángel, Duran Pablo, Garrido Bermary, Manzano Alexander, Navarro Carolina, Silva Aljadis, Rojas Milagros, De Sanctis Juan Bautista, Radzioch Danuta, Rivera-Porras Diego, Paredes Carlos Silva, Bermúdez Valmore
Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo 4001, Venezuela.
Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc, 77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
Molecules. 2025 May 19;30(10):2212. doi: 10.3390/molecules30102212.
Inflammatory lung diseases (ILDs) represent a global public health crisis characterized by escalating prevalence, significant morbidity, and substantial mortality. In response to the complex immunopathogenic mechanisms driving these conditions, novel pharmacological strategies targeting resolution pathways have emerged throughout the discovery of specialized pro-resolving lipid mediator (SPM; resolvins, maresins, and protectins) dysregulation across the ILD spectra, positioning these endogenous molecules as promising therapeutic candidates for modulating maladaptive inflammation and promoting tissue repair. Over the past decade, this paradigm has catalyzed extensive translational research into SPM-based interventions as precision therapeutics for respiratory inflammation. In asthma, they reduce mucus hypersecretion, bronchial hyperreactivity, and airway inflammation, with prenatal SPM exposure potentially lowering offspring disease risk. In COPD, SPMs attenuate amyloid A-driven inflammation, normalizing cytokine/chemokine imbalances and oxidative stress and mitigating COVID-19-associated cytokine storm, enhancing survival. This review synthesizes SPMs' pharmacotherapeutic mechanisms in ILDs and evaluates current preclinical and clinical evidence.
炎症性肺病（ILDs）是一场全球公共卫生危机，其特征是患病率不断上升、发病率高且死亡率高。针对导致这些病症的复杂免疫致病机制，随着在整个ILD谱系中发现专门的促解决脂质介质（SPM；消退素、maresin和保护素）失调，针对解决途径的新型药理学策略应运而生，使这些内源性分子成为调节适应不良炎症和促进组织修复的有前景的治疗候选物。在过去十年中，这一模式推动了广泛的转化研究，将基于SPM的干预措施作为呼吸道炎症的精准疗法。在哮喘中，它们可减少黏液分泌过多、支气管高反应性和气道炎症，产前接触SPM可能降低后代患疾病的风险。在慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）中，SPM可减轻淀粉样蛋白A驱动的炎症，使细胞因子/趋化因子失衡和氧化应激正常化，并减轻与COVID-19相关的细胞因子风暴，提高生存率。本综述综合了SPM在ILDs中的药物治疗机制，并评估了当前的临床前和临床证据。
