Chen Jiayan, Wang Qi, He Xiaomeng, Yang Bei
Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies and School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China.
Shanghai Clinical Research and Trial Center, Shanghai 201210, China.
Vaccines (Basel). 2025 May 19;13(5):542. doi: 10.3390/vaccines13050542.
Malaria remains a significant global health challenge. Although the recent approval of the liver-stage vaccines RTS, S and R21 marks significant progress in malaria control, challenges remain in achieving long-lasting and broad protection. In this review, we provide an overview of the current landscape of malaria control, especially anti-malaria vaccine development. We first review the development of the RTS, S and R21 vaccines, highlighting their efficacy and limitations. We then examine other vaccines in development, including attenuated whole-sporozoite vaccines, as well as blood-stage-targeting vaccines and transmission-blocking vaccines targeting a variety of different immunogens. Additionally, we discuss emerging technologies, such as mRNA-based platforms, nanoparticle delivery systems, and novel adjuvants, assessing their potential to enhance the efficacy and mitigate the waning immunity concerns of most malaria vaccines. We believe that the identification of novel immunogen candidates, together with continued innovation in vaccine design and delivery, will enable us to win the fight against malaria in the future.
疟疾仍然是一项重大的全球卫生挑战。尽管近期肝期疫苗RTS、S和R21的获批标志着疟疾防控取得了重大进展，但在实现持久和广泛的保护方面仍存在挑战。在本综述中，我们概述了当前疟疾防控的现状，特别是抗疟疾疫苗的研发情况。我们首先回顾RTS、S和R21疫苗的研发过程，突出其疗效和局限性。然后，我们研究其他正在研发的疫苗，包括减毒全子孢子疫苗，以及针对不同免疫原的血期靶向疫苗和传播阻断疫苗。此外，我们还讨论了新兴技术，如基于mRNA的平台、纳米颗粒递送系统和新型佐剂，评估它们增强疗效和缓解大多数疟疾疫苗免疫衰退问题的潜力。我们相信，新型免疫原候选物的识别，以及疫苗设计和递送方面的持续创新，将使我们能够在未来战胜疟疾。
