土壤传播的蠕虫与免疫调节的复杂性：来自厄瓜多尔亚马逊地区的证据，支持在“老朋友”假说中考虑物种特异性效应的重要性。
Soil-Transmitted Helminths and the Intricacies of Immunoregulation: Evidence From Amazonian Ecuador for the Importance of Considering Species-Specific Effects Within the Old Friends Hypothesis.
作者信息
Cepon-Robins Tara J, Gildner Theresa E, Urlacher Samuel S, Liebert Melissa A, Madimenos Felicia C, Bribiescas Richard G, Eick Geeta, Harrington Christopher, Sugiyama Lawrence S, Snodgrass J Josh
机构信息
Department of Anthropology, University of Colorado Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, Colorado, USA.
Department of Anthropology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
出版信息
Am J Hum Biol. 2025 Jun;37(6):e70076. doi: 10.1002/ajhb.70076.
OBJECTIVES
The old friends hypothesis (OFH) examines connections between the global increase in immunoregulatory diseases (e.g., allergy and autoimmunity) and reduced exposure to immune-priming symbionts like soil-transmitted helminths. Helminth species, however, vary in their effects on hosts and should be considered separately. We examined relationships between species-specific helminth infection and circulating biomarkers of adaptive immune antibodies (total immunoglobulin E [IgE]), systemic inflammation (C-reactive protein [CRP]), and immune regulation (interleukin-6 [IL-6]), among Indigenous Shuar adults. We predicted that STH infection would be (1) associated with higher levels of IgE and (2) lower levels of CRP, with (3) IL-6 driving these associations based on species-specific relationships.
METHODS
One hundred and seventeen Shuar adults provided stool and finger-prick blood samples. BCa bootstrap ANCOVA and partial correlation tests examined relationships among infection status (uninfected, Ascaris infected, Trichuris infected, coinfected), control variables (region, sex, age, body mass), and immune biomarkers.
RESULTS
On average, coinfected participants had the highest IgE compared to all other groups. Ascaris-infected individuals had, on average, the lowest CRP levels compared to any other group; this was only significant compared to uninfected participants (p < 0.05). Notably, IL-6 was positively correlated with IgE in Ascaris-infected individuals (p < 0.05) and with CRP in Trichuris-infected individuals (p < 0.05), highlighting its role in differentiating between immunoregulation and inflammation based on species-specific infections.
CONCLUSIONS
Immune biomarkers varied by infection status: Ascaris infection may downregulate and Trichuris infection may exacerbate systemic inflammation. These preliminary findings suggest that STH species must be considered separately within the OFH.
目的
老朋友假说（OFH）探讨免疫调节性疾病（如过敏和自身免疫）全球增加与接触土壤传播蠕虫等免疫启动共生体减少之间的联系。然而，蠕虫种类对宿主的影响各不相同，应分别考虑。我们研究了在舒阿尔族成年原住民中，特定种类蠕虫感染与适应性免疫抗体（总免疫球蛋白E [IgE]）、全身炎症（C反应蛋白 [CRP]）和免疫调节（白细胞介素-6 [IL-6]）循环生物标志物之间的关系。我们预测，土壤传播蠕虫感染将（1）与较高水平的IgE相关，（2）与较低水平的CRP相关，（3）基于特定种类的关系，IL-6驱动这些关联。
方法
117名舒阿尔族成年人提供了粪便和手指刺血样本。BCa自举重抽样协方差分析和偏相关检验研究了感染状态（未感染、蛔虫感染、鞭虫感染、混合感染）、控制变量（地区、性别、年龄、体重）和免疫生物标志物之间的关系。
结果
平均而言，与所有其他组相比，混合感染的参与者IgE水平最高。与任何其他组相比，蛔虫感染个体的CRP水平平均最低；与未感染参与者相比，这一差异具有统计学意义（p < 0.05）。值得注意的是，在蛔虫感染个体中，IL-6与IgE呈正相关（p < 0.05），在鞭虫感染个体中，IL-6与CRP呈正相关（p < 0.05），突出了其在基于特定种类感染区分免疫调节和炎症方面的作用。
结论
免疫生物标志物因感染状态而异：蛔虫感染可能下调全身炎症，鞭虫感染可能加剧全身炎症。这些初步发现表明，在老朋友假说中，必须分别考虑土壤传播蠕虫的种类。
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