Amoakoh Hannah Brown, Browne Joyce L, Zobrist Stephanie, Arhinful Daniel, Owusu Rosemond, Ampofo Nana Kwame Asare, Yeboah Abena Odurowaa, Cofie Patience, Srofenyoh Emmanuel, Adu-Bonsaffoh Kwame, Yevoo Linda Lucy, Wuobar Francis Vinkpenubar, Metzler Mutsumi, Coffey Patricia S
Department of Global Public Health and Bioethics, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
Department of Epidemiology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana.
BMJ Open. 2025 May 31;15(5):e084978. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2024-084978.
To assess the appropriateness, acceptability and feasibility of implementing the Test-it PrCr Urinalysis Dipstick Test (LifeAssay Diagnostics, South Africa) in referral hospitals in Ghana.
96 healthcare professionals were trained on the protein-to-creatinine (PrCr) test, which was integrated into protocols alongside standard-of-care tests between November 2021 and April 2022. Test users completed questionnaires post training. Three focus group discussions (FGDs) and seven key informant interviews were conducted to evaluate test procedure comprehension, insights into training effectiveness, usability/user confidence, perceptions, attitudes towards the test and barriers and facilitators of use.
High product usability, user confidence and satisfaction were reported. Staff perceived the test as easy to use and similar to current products. Misinterpretations of test results were less likely for strong results. Facilitators of use included effective trainings, sensitisation of the product and key stakeholder endorsement. Challenges impacting implementation feasibility included the short shelf life of test strips (3 months) after opening cannisters, the added complexity of the ratiometric result interpretation and the test's lack of other parameters that are included in current products (eg, glucose, nitrate), limiting its broader clinical utility for antenatal care screening. All FGD participants agreed that the use of the PrCr test would not change current practices/protocols for dipstick use.
Although the Test-It PrCr test is easy to use and well accepted, key product attributes limit its implementation feasibility in this setting. It may be more appropriate for monitoring high-risk women in this context.
评估在加纳的转诊医院实施Test-it PrCr尿液分析试纸条检测（南非LifeAssay诊断公司）的适宜性、可接受性和可行性。
96名医疗保健专业人员接受了蛋白质与肌酐（PrCr）检测培训，该检测在2021年11月至2022年4月期间被纳入护理标准检测方案中。检测使用者在培训后完成了问卷调查。进行了三次焦点小组讨论（FGD）和七次关键 informant访谈，以评估对检测程序的理解、对培训效果的见解、可用性/用户信心、认知、对检测的态度以及使用的障碍和促进因素。
报告显示该产品具有较高的可用性、用户信心和满意度。工作人员认为该检测易于使用且与现有产品相似。对于强阳性结果，检测结果的错误解读可能性较小。使用的促进因素包括有效的培训、产品宣传和关键利益相关者的认可。影响实施可行性的挑战包括打开包装后试纸条的保质期较短（3个月）、比例结果解读的复杂性增加以及该检测缺乏现有产品中包含的其他参数（如葡萄糖、硝酸盐），限制了其在产前护理筛查中的更广泛临床应用。所有FGD参与者一致认为，PrCr检测的使用不会改变当前试纸条使用的实践/方案。
尽管Test-It PrCr检测易于使用且被广泛接受，但关键产品属性限制了其在这种情况下的实施可行性。在这种情况下，它可能更适合用于监测高危女性。
