López-Moreno Miguel, Rossi Eugenio Viviani, López-Gil José Francisco, Marrero-Fernández Paula, Roldán-Ruiz Alberto, Bertotti Gabriele
Faculty of Health Sciences, Diet, Planetary Health and Performance, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Pozuelo, Spain.
School of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Madrid, Spain.
Sports Med Open. 2025 Jun 2;11(1):62. doi: 10.1186/s40798-025-00852-7.
The increasing interest in plant-based diets (PBDs) results from their beneficial impact on human health and environmental sustainability. However, the effect of PBDs on muscular strength in athletes remains unclear. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the impact of PBDs on muscular strength compared to omnivorous diets in adult populations.
The methodology was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines to ensure a comprehensive and transparent review process. Four electronic databases-MEDLINE, The Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Scopus-were searched from their inception to September 2, 2024. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that evaluated the impact of PBDs on the lower body, upper body, and overall muscular strength were included. The risk of bias for the included RCTs was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2.0 tool. Standardized mean differences (SMD) were used to estimate effect sizes, and multiple random-effects meta-analyses were conducted using an inverse variance model with Paule-Mandel adjustment.
Eight RCTs met the inclusion criteria, involving a total of 188 participants (46% women; mean age between 20 and 65 years). The meta-analysis indicated that there were no significant differences between PBDs and omnivorous diets in terms of upper body muscular strength (SMD, - 0.12; 95% confidence interval [CI], - 0.50 to 0.27; n = 146), lower body muscular strength (SMD, 0.18; 95% CI, - 0.31 to 0.67; n = 188), and overall muscular strength (SMD, 0.21; 95% CI, - 0.16 to 0.58; n = 188).
This meta-analysis suggests that PBDs do not compromise muscular strength compared to omnivorous diets. Further investigation considering key nutrients is necessary to ascertain the long-term effects of these dietary patterns on strength outcomes.
人们对植物性饮食（PBDs）的兴趣日益增加，这源于其对人类健康和环境可持续性的有益影响。然而，PBDs对运动员肌肉力量的影响仍不明确。本系统评价和荟萃分析评估了与杂食性饮食相比，PBDs对成年人群肌肉力量的影响。
按照系统评价和荟萃分析的首选报告项目（PRISMA）指南进行研究方法，以确保全面且透明的评价过程。检索了四个电子数据库——MEDLINE、Cochrane图书馆、科学网和Scopus，检索时间从数据库创建至2024年9月2日。纳入评估PBDs对下半身、上半身和整体肌肉力量影响的随机对照试验（RCTs）。使用Cochrane偏倚风险2.0工具评估纳入RCTs的偏倚风险。标准化均数差（SMD）用于估计效应大小，并使用带有Paule-Mandel调整的逆方差模型进行多次随机效应荟萃分析。
八项RCTs符合纳入标准，共涉及188名参与者（46%为女性；平均年龄在20至65岁之间）。荟萃分析表明，在PBDs和杂食性饮食之间，上半身肌肉力量（SMD，-0.12；95%置信区间[CI]，-0.50至0.27；n = 146）、下半身肌肉力量（SMD，0.18；95% CI，-0.31至0.67；n = 188）和整体肌肉力量（SMD，0.21；95% CI，-0.16至0.58；n = 188）方面均无显著差异。
这项荟萃分析表明，与杂食性饮食相比，PBDs不会损害肌肉力量。有必要进一步研究关键营养素，以确定这些饮食模式对力量结果的长期影响。
