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赛马姿势和地面状况对小跑运动中马匹运动不对称性及马与骑手同步性的影响。

Effects of jockey position and surfaces on horse movement asymmetry and horse-jockey synchronisation during trotting exercise.

作者信息

Horan Kate, Pfau Thilo

机构信息

The Royal Veterinary College, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom.

University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.

出版信息

PLoS One. 2025 Jun 2;20(5):e0324753. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0324753. eCollection 2025.

Abstract

Racehorses and jockeys can incur injuries, not only during gallops, but also during routine trotting exercise to access gallop tracks or warm-up. Understanding how jockey position affects racehorse movement may influence safety, and this may vary across different surface conditions. This study used inertial sensing technology (XSens MTw sensors) and linear mixed models to quantify and determine the significance (p ≤ 0.05) of jockey riding position ('rising' versus 'two-point seat') and surface type (artificial, grass and tarmac) on: 1) time offsets between stance and flight phases; 2) horses' vertical upper body movement asymmetry and 3) time lags (in % of stride time) between horse and jockey maximum and minimum vertical displacements. Six ex-racehorses were recruited on a convenience basis from the British Racing School and were ridden by one jockey. Surface type did not significantly influence timings between the stance and flight phases or horse asymmetry. Jockey riding position was linked to a 1.8% difference in stance phase offsets (p < 0.001) and 0.9% difference in flight phases (p = 0.015) for two-point seat versus rising trot. Jockey riding position also affected horse movement asymmetry at the poll across stance phases (weight bearing asymmetry, p = 0.005) and symmetry at the withers and sacrum across flight phases (push-off asymmetry, p < 0.001). In rising trot, the jockey reduced poll asymmetry around the seated stance phase, but increased withers and sacrum push-off asymmetries after the seated stance phase. Time-offsets between the horse and jockey minimum and maximum displacements around stance and flight phases, respectively, were also significantly affected by jockey riding position (all p < 0.001). As the jockey stood up in their stirrups at stance, in either the rising component of rising trot or in the two-point seat, their delay in following the horse's movements increased by 2.8-4.5%, compared to when they were seated (p < 0.001). There was also an increased delay of the jockey by 0.6-0.8% around stance on tarmac compared to on the artificial surface (p ≤ 0.019). During flight phases, jockey displacement maximums were reached 5.5-7.0% and 9.3-11% after the horse following the seated stance in rising trot and during two-point seat, respectively, but jockey movements preceded horse movements around the post-standing flight phases by 4.9-7.3% in rising trot. In summary, jockey position had a greater impact on horse movement asymmetry and horse-jockey synchronisation than surface type. However, further work is required to relate study outcomes to injury risk.

摘要

赛马和骑师不仅在疾驰过程中,而且在日常小跑训练(前往疾驰赛道或热身)时都可能受伤。了解骑师的姿势如何影响赛马的运动可能会影响安全性,而且这在不同的地面条件下可能会有所不同。本研究使用惯性传感技术(Xsens MTw传感器)和线性混合模型来量化并确定骑师骑行姿势(“起立”与“两点坐姿”)和地面类型(人造地面、草地和柏油碎石路面)对以下方面的影响及其显著性(p≤0.05):1)站立阶段和腾空阶段之间的时间偏移;2)马匹上半身垂直运动的不对称性;3)马匹和骑师最大和最小垂直位移之间的时间滞后(以步幅时间的百分比表示)。本研究基于便利原则从英国赛马学校招募了6匹退役赛马,并由一名骑师进行骑行。地面类型对站立阶段和腾空阶段之间的时间安排或马匹不对称性没有显著影响。对于两点坐姿与起立小跑,骑师的骑行姿势与站立阶段偏移1.8%的差异(p<0.001)以及腾空阶段0.9%的差异(p=0.015)相关。骑师的骑行姿势还影响了站立阶段整个过程中马头部的运动不对称性(负重不对称性,p=0.0)。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/5b65/12129221/ca5ef4670eb0/pone.0324753.g001.jpg

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