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单分子四受体激动剂的分子设计

Molecular Design of Unimolecular Tetra-Receptor Agonists.

作者信息

Dinsmore Tristan C, Cortigiano Jacob E, Xiang Siyuan, Spenciner Marina V, Dobbins Alexandra R, Zhao Richard L, Waldman Brett M, Beinborn Martin, Kumar Krishna

机构信息

Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States.

Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States.

出版信息

J Am Chem Soc. 2025 Jun 18;147(24):20819-20832. doi: 10.1021/jacs.5c04095. Epub 2025 Jun 3.

Abstract

Peptide hormone-receptor interactions serve as critical regulators of metabolic homeostasis, a paradigm exemplified by the clinical efficacy of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists. Building upon this framework, strategic design has yielded unimolecular dual and triple agonists targeting GLP-1R, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide receptor (GIPR), and glucagon receptor (GcgR), leveraging the sequence homology within the cognate native ligands of the class B G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) family. However, the integration of Y2 receptor (Y2R) agonism─engaged by peptide YY (PYY) and belonging to the structurally divergent class A GPCR family─has remained an unaddressed challenge due to the topological and sequence disparities between these receptor classes. Y2R activation plays a pivotal role in appetite suppression, potentiating the metabolic benefits conferred by GLP-1R, GIPR, and GcgR agonism. Here, we report first-in-class, unprecedented tetra-agonists with high potency at GLP-1R, GIPR, GcgR, and Y2R. The chimeric peptides overcome the intrinsic sequence constraints imposed by class A and class B GPCR divergence, demonstrating the feasibility of rationally designed agonism mediated by single agents across receptor families. Lipidation of this template is well tolerated enhancing the promise of therapeutic viability. Furthermore, we show that biased agonism at GLP-1R selectively boosts cyclic AMP (cAMP) signaling while minimizing β-arrestin recruitment, thereby decoupling receptor desensitization from metabolic efficacy. Additionally, we introduce a tunable framework to modulate β-arrestin engagement without compromising cAMP potency, providing insight into the fine-tuning of GPCR-mediated signaling for next-generation peptide therapeutics.

摘要

肽激素-受体相互作用是代谢稳态的关键调节因子,胰高血糖素样肽-1(GLP-1)受体激动剂的临床疗效就是一个例证。基于这一框架,通过策略性设计已产生了靶向GLP-1受体(GLP-1R)、葡萄糖依赖性促胰岛素多肽受体(GIPR)和胰高血糖素受体(GcgR)的单分子双激动剂和三激动剂,这利用了B类G蛋白偶联受体(GPCR)家族同源天然配体中的序列同源性。然而,由于这些受体类别之间的拓扑结构和序列差异,由肽YY(PYY)激活的Y2受体(Y2R)激动作用(Y2R属于结构上不同的A类GPCR家族)仍然是一个未解决的挑战。Y2R激活在食欲抑制中起关键作用,增强了GLP-1R、GIPR和GcgR激动作用所带来的代谢益处。在此,我们报告了一类首创的、前所未有的四激动剂,它们对GLP-1R、GIPR、GcgR和Y2R具有高效力。这些嵌合肽克服了A类和B类GPCR差异所带来的内在序列限制,证明了由单一药物介导跨受体家族进行合理设计激动作用的可行性。该模板的脂化具有良好耐受性,增强了治疗可行性的前景。此外,我们表明GLP-1R上的偏向激动作用选择性地增强环磷酸腺苷(cAMP)信号传导,同时最小化β-抑制蛋白募集,从而使受体脱敏与代谢功效脱钩。此外,我们引入了一个可调节框架来调节β-抑制蛋白结合,而不影响cAMP效力,为下一代肽类疗法中GPCR介导信号的微调提供了见解。

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