Pyroptosis and cuproptosis are promising strategies in cancer therapy. However, strategies to induce cell pyroptosis and cuproptosis are limited by the tumor microenvironment (TME). In this study, a multifunctional copper-based composite nanomaterial (CCS-ICG) was developed to enhance antitumor efficacy through a synergistic combination of chemodynamic therapy (CDT), photodynamic therapy (PDT), and photothermal therapy (PTT), alongside ion interference. This nanomaterial integrates endogenous and exogenous stimulation mechanisms to promote reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Upon entering tumor cells, CCS-ICG decomposes to release HO and O, effectively modulating the tumor microenvironment (TME) by elevating HO levels and alleviating hypoxia. Elevated HO enhances the Fenton-like activity of Cu, generating toxic OH and boosting CDT, while O production improves PDT by promoting O generation. Additionally, intracellular accumulation of Cu induces cuproptosis, enhancing ROS generation and accumulation, while Ca release triggers calcium overload, amplifying oxidative stress. These mechanisms facilitate significant ROS generation, leading to pyroptosis, immunogenic cell death (ICD), and T cell infiltration, which collectively contribute to a potent antitumor immune response. In vivo and in vitro evaluations reveal that CCS-ICG effectively modulates the TME, exhibits superior antitumor activity, and displays favorable biocompatibility, highlighting its potential as a multimodal platform for synergistic cancer therapy.