Zonoubi Somayeh, Barati Mohammad, Ghanbari Mohammad, Hamadanian Masood
Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran.
Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran.
Sci Rep. 2025 Jun 5;15(1):19716. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-03954-0.
Hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of Chlorella vulgaris bio-oil as a renewable energy source was evaluated in a supercritical fluid mixture as both a hydrogen donor and solvent, with and without the Pd-Ni/γ-Al₂O₃ nanocatalyst. Firstly, RSM was carried out to improve long-chain hydrocarbons (LCHs) production process in a hydrogen-less supercritical n-hexane medium using dry biomass of Chlorella vulgaris. Then, the reaction was run under optimal conditions, which included isopropanol, temperature, feedstock, and reaction time of 10%V/V, 250 °C, 0.1 g, and 20 min, with the Pd-Ni catalyst with different Pd: Ni ratios. FTIR, XRD, BET, and TEM were the methods used to characterize the catalysts. More than 47% of the final product, in the absence of the catalysts, was made up of LCHs (C-C). However, an interesting change in the product types occurred when the catalyst was present. The catalyst, specifically the Pd metal, directed the reaction towards the production of C and C products. Alkyl benzenes and alkyl phenols were among the several products that the catalyst caused to develop, which themselves are introduced as precursors for LCHs production. The catalyst Pd-Ni/γ-AlO with a Pd: Ni ratio of 3:1 had the best production with a yield of 42.3%.
以超临界流体混合物作为氢供体和溶剂，在有无Pd-Ni/γ-Al₂O₃纳米催化剂的情况下，对作为可再生能源的小球藻生物油的加氢脱氧（HDO）进行了评估。首先，采用响应面法（RSM），以小球藻干生物质为原料，在无氢的超临界正己烷介质中优化长链烃（LCHs）的生产工艺。然后，在最佳条件下进行反应，条件包括体积分数为10%V/V的异丙醇、250℃、0.1g原料和20min反应时间，并使用不同Pd:Ni比例的Pd-Ni催化剂。采用傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）、X射线衍射（XRD）、比表面积测定（BET）和透射电子显微镜（TEM）对催化剂进行表征。在无催化剂的情况下，最终产物中超过47%由LCHs（C-C）组成。然而，当存在催化剂时，产物类型发生了有趣的变化。催化剂，特别是Pd金属，使反应朝着生成C和C产物的方向进行。烷基苯和烷基酚是催化剂促使生成的几种产物，它们本身被作为LCHs生产的前体引入。Pd:Ni比例为3:1的催化剂Pd-Ni/γ-AlO产量最高，产率为42.3%。
