Misiaszek Alex, Santos Alicia M, Ho Greg W, Fields Jennifer, Kamga Kevine Silihe, Stan Radu, Affonso De Oliveira Jessica F, Steinmetz Nicole F, Fiering Steven
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dartmouth Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, United States.
Dartmouth Cancer Center, Dartmouth Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, United States.
Mol Pharm. 2025 Jul 7;22(7):3747-3756. doi: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.4c01539. Epub 2025 Jun 6.
Intratumoral immunotherapy (ITIT) delivers immune-stimulating agents or treatments directly into solid tumors to reverse the immunosuppressive nature of the tumor microenvironment (TME) and enables local and systemic antitumor immunity. However, optimal clinical strategies for ITIT are not yet fully understood. Cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV) is a plant virus that is not infectious in mammals but is a powerful multi-toll-like receptor (TLR) agonist which stimulates potent antitumor immunity when used in ITIT. ITIT by transfection of interleukin-12 (IL-12) expressing plasmids into melanoma tumors electroporation is being assessed in Phase II clinical trials to treat metastatic disease. We investigated the combination of CPMV with IL-12 plasmid electroporation to generate systemic (abscopal) immunity superior to that from either monotherapy alone. Mice were inoculated with two B16-F10 melanoma or MC38 colorectal cancer tumors and one tumor on each flank. One tumor was treated once per week for 2 weeks with IL-12 electroporation and CPMV intratumoral injection. IL-12 electroporation following CPMV injection greatly reduced the efficacy of CPMV by disrupting its viral structure. Conversely, electroporation of IL-12 prior to CPMV injection led to total clearance of 100% of treated tumors and significantly greater suppression of distant, untreated tumors compared to either monotherapy or the reverse treatment order (CPMV IT injection, followed by IL-12 electroporation). This superior abscopal effect led to a significantly improved survival. Our novel treatment strategy offers significant translational value in treating solid tumors by improving the local and systemic efficacy of IL-12 electroporation or CPMV alone.
肿瘤内免疫疗法(ITIT)将免疫刺激剂或治疗方法直接递送至实体瘤中,以逆转肿瘤微环境(TME)的免疫抑制特性,并激发局部和全身抗肿瘤免疫。然而,ITIT的最佳临床策略尚未完全明确。豇豆花叶病毒(CPMV)是一种植物病毒,在哺乳动物中无感染性,但它是一种强大的多 Toll 样受体(TLR)激动剂,在 ITIT 中使用时可刺激强大的抗肿瘤免疫。通过电穿孔将表达白细胞介素 -12(IL -12)的质粒转染到黑色素瘤肿瘤中进行 ITIT,目前正在进行 II 期临床试验以治疗转移性疾病。我们研究了CPMV与IL -12质粒电穿孔联合使用,以产生优于单独使用任一单一疗法的全身(远隔效应)免疫。给小鼠双侧接种两个B16 - F10黑色素瘤或MC38结直肠癌肿瘤,每侧各一个。对其中一个肿瘤每周进行一次治疗,共2周,采用IL -12电穿孔和CPMV瘤内注射。在CPMV注射后进行IL -12电穿孔会破坏CPMV的病毒结构,从而大大降低其疗效。相反,在CPMV注射前进行IL -12电穿孔导致100%的治疗肿瘤完全清除,与单一疗法或相反治疗顺序(CPMV瘤内注射,随后进行IL -12电穿孔)相比,对远处未治疗的肿瘤有更显著的抑制作用。这种优越的远隔效应导致生存率显著提高。我们的新治疗策略通过提高单独使用IL -12电穿孔或CPMV的局部和全身疗效,在治疗实体瘤方面具有重要的转化价值。
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