Anjani Qonita Kurnia, Hutton Aaron R J, McKenna Peter E, Larrañeta Eneko, Donnelly Ryan F
School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK.
School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ulster University, Pharmacy Building, Cromore Rd, Coleraine, BT52 1SA, UK.
Adv Healthc Mater. 2025 Aug;14(22):e2501512. doi: 10.1002/adhm.202501512. Epub 2025 Jun 17.
The safety of repeated microarray patch (MAP) application is crucial for its development as an innovative drug delivery platform. This study is the first to assess the safety of repeated applications of hydrogel-forming, dissolving, and implantable MAPs over four weeks using miniature pigs, an industry-standard dermatological model with human-like skin structure and physiological responses. Uniform MAPs are successfully manufactured, with application forces of 32 N/array resulting in less than 15% needle height reduction. ≈80% of the needle length penetrated Parafilm layers, while 40-60% penetrated excised porcine skin. Repeated MAP applications do not compromise skin barrier function, as confirmed by transepidermal water loss measurements, and caused no adverse skin reactions per modified Draize test results. Systemic safety assessments revealed no significant immune responses, allergic reactions, infections, or inflammatory markers (TNF-α, IgE, IgG, CRP, and IL-1β) between day 0 and day 28. No weight loss, infection signs, kidney toxicity, or clinically relevant hematological or biochemical changes are observed. Histopathological evaluations confirmed the absence of lesions or adverse effects. These findings establish the safety of repeated hydrogel-forming, dissolving, and implantable MAP applications, supporting their potential for safe, effective drug delivery and facilitating their translation from preclinical models to human clinical trials.
重复使用微阵列贴片(MAP)的安全性对于其作为一种创新药物递送平台的发展至关重要。本研究首次使用小型猪评估了水凝胶形成、溶解和可植入MAP在四周内重复应用的安全性,小型猪是一种具有类似人类皮肤结构和生理反应的行业标准皮肤病学模型。成功制造出均匀的MAP,施加32 N/阵列的作用力导致针高度降低不到15%。约80%的针长穿透了Parafilm层,而40 - 60%的针长穿透了切除的猪皮肤。经表皮水分流失测量证实,重复使用MAP不会损害皮肤屏障功能,并且根据改良的Draize试验结果,未引起皮肤不良反应。全身安全性评估显示,在第0天至第28天之间,没有显著的免疫反应、过敏反应、感染或炎症标志物(TNF-α、IgE、IgG、CRP和IL-1β)。未观察到体重减轻、感染迹象、肾脏毒性或临床相关的血液学或生化变化。组织病理学评估证实没有病变或不良反应。这些发现确立了水凝胶形成、溶解和可植入MAP重复应用的安全性,支持了它们在安全、有效药物递送方面的潜力,并促进了它们从临床前模型向人体临床试验的转化。
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