Aggregation and biofilm formation of mono- and co-culture species and are affected by nutrients in growth media.

species and coexist in nosocomial infections. These interkingdom interactions are associated with oral biofilm formation, leading to various oral diseases. This study elucidated the interkingdom interactions of these microorganisms, particularly their aggregation and biofilm formation, in three different media. and were used in this study. Aggregation assays were conducted to determine planktonic interaction, and biofilm assays were performed to investigate intra- and interkingdom interactions in a static biofilm environment. Most spp. exhibited a high auto-aggregation percentage in brain heart infusion broth supplemented with yeast extract (BHIYE). In addition, co-culture biofilm with significantly reduced the total cell counts of spp. compared to mono-culture ( < 0.05). In conclusion, co-aggregation, biofilm biomass and total cell count were species- and growth medium-dependent, and interacted antagonistically with spp.