Duan Xuehui, Chu Xinlei, Du Yan, Tang Yixuan
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Institute of Materia Medica, Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, National Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery System, Key Laboratory for Biotechnology Drugs of National Health Commission, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, 250117, China.
Drug Deliv Transl Res. 2025 Jun 18. doi: 10.1007/s13346-025-01893-x.
The design of effective drug nanocarriers requires the prevention of adverse biological interactions such as immune activation and cytotoxicity, making superior biocompatibility a critical determinant for clinical success. While existing reviews predominantly focus on the therapeutic applications of nanomedicines, systematic analyses of biocompatibility optimization strategies remain scarce. To address this gap, we present a review of three primary approaches for constructing biocompatible nanocarriers: (1) inert-material-based frameworks, (2) polymer surface engineering techniques, and (3) biomimetic functionalization methodologies. By evaluating the structural designs and biological mechanisms of commonly employed materials, we elucidated how these strategies leverage inherent material properties and biological interaction principles to regulate biocompatibility. Furthermore, we analyzed the advantages and limitations of each approach, offering guidance for selecting the optimal biocompatibility enhancement methods. This work not only synthesizes current advancements in biocompatible nanocarrier development but also provides actionable insights to advance nanomedicine research and clinical translation.
设计有效的药物纳米载体需要防止不良生物相互作用，如免疫激活和细胞毒性，这使得卓越的生物相容性成为临床成功的关键决定因素。虽然现有综述主要关注纳米药物的治疗应用，但对生物相容性优化策略的系统分析仍然很少。为了填补这一空白，我们综述了构建生物相容性纳米载体的三种主要方法：（1）基于惰性材料的框架，（2）聚合物表面工程技术，以及（3）仿生功能化方法。通过评估常用材料的结构设计和生物学机制，我们阐明了这些策略如何利用材料的固有特性和生物相互作用原理来调节生物相容性。此外，我们分析了每种方法的优缺点，为选择最佳的生物相容性增强方法提供指导。这项工作不仅总结了生物相容性纳米载体开发的当前进展，还为推进纳米医学研究和临床转化提供了可操作的见解。
