Dasari Dileep, Dong Cheng-Di, Singhania Reeta Rani, Tambat Vaibhav Sunil, Piechota Grzegorz, Patel Anil Kumar
Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, College of Hydrosphere, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan.
Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, College of Hydrosphere, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan; Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan.
Mar Pollut Bull. 2025 Oct;219:118292. doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2025.118292. Epub 2025 Jun 17.
The global growth of aquaculture and mariculture has led to severe environmental challenges, including nutrient overloading, chemical contamination, habitat degradation, and microplastic pollution. This review critically examines the sources and impacts of aquaculture-derived pollution while proposing microalgae-based bioremediation as an innovative and sustainable solution. Microalgae support nutrient cycling, carbon capture, and pollutant removal, making them a versatile tool for reducing aquaculture's ecological footprint. The review further evaluates the integration of microalgae into aquaculture systems for wastewater treatment, feed enhancement, and integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA), offering a circular economy model that promotes sustainability. It also reviews relevant policies, including FAO guidelines, regional environmental frameworks, and eco-certification schemes, to underscore governance practices enabling responsible aquaculture. Technological innovations such as recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS), biofiltration, and AI-assisted environmental monitoring are discussed for their role in improving system efficiency and minimizing waste. Key challenges such as economic viability, scalability, and regulatory compliance are effectively addressed to identify pathways for large-scale implementation. By integrating scientific advancements, policy insights, industry practices, and real-world applications, this review offers a roadmap for transitioning to a low-impact, climate-resilient aquaculture industry, while aligning with United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): SDG 6 (Clean Water), SDG 12 (Responsible Consumption), and SDG 14 (Life Below Water). Future perspectives highlight the need for interdisciplinary research and stronger policy support to scale up microalgae innovations for sustainable and environmentally responsible aquaculture development.
水产养殖和海水养殖的全球增长带来了严峻的环境挑战，包括营养物质过载、化学污染、栖息地退化和微塑料污染。本综述批判性地审视了水产养殖衍生污染的来源和影响，同时提出基于微藻的生物修复作为一种创新且可持续的解决方案。微藻有助于营养物质循环、碳捕获和污染物去除，使其成为减少水产养殖生态足迹的多功能工具。该综述进一步评估了将微藻整合到水产养殖系统中用于废水处理、饲料强化和综合多营养级水产养殖（IMTA），提供了一种促进可持续性的循环经济模式。它还回顾了相关政策，包括粮农组织准则、区域环境框架和生态认证计划，以强调实现负责任水产养殖的治理实践。讨论了循环水养殖系统（RAS）、生物过滤和人工智能辅助环境监测等技术创新在提高系统效率和减少废物方面的作用。有效地应对了经济可行性、可扩展性和监管合规等关键挑战，以确定大规模实施的途径。通过整合科学进展、政策见解、行业实践和实际应用，本综述提供了一条向低影响、气候适应型水产养殖业转型的路线图，同时符合联合国可持续发展目标（SDG）：SDG 6（清洁水）、SDG 12（负责任消费）和SDG 14（水下生物）。未来展望强调需要跨学科研究和更强有力的政策支持，以扩大微藻创新，实现可持续和对环境负责的水产养殖发展。
