本土植物多样性对污染土壤中入侵物种成功入侵的影响。

The Effect of Native Plant Diversity on the Success of Invasive Species in Polluted Soils.

作者信息

Javed Qaiser, Sun Jianfan, Černe Marko, Iqbal Babar, Bouhadi Mohammed, Heath David John, He Feng, Ullah Muhammad Saif, Akbar Rasheed, Du Daolin

机构信息

School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.

Institute of Agriculture and Tourism, Poreč, Croatia.

出版信息

Ecotoxicology. 2025 Jun 19. doi: 10.1007/s10646-025-02905-9.

DOI:10.1007/s10646-025-02905-9

PMID:40533711

Abstract

Soil pollution can significantly disrupt native plant communities by weakening native species and giving invasive species a competitive advantage. This study aimed to assess the resistance of native species to invasive species in plant communities with varying species densities, focusing on growth traits and soil properties under the influence of different soil pollutants. Four native experimental communities varying in number of species were established, with each community paired with a distinct invasive species., i.e., C1 (four natives, i.e., Lactuca indica L., Plantago asiatica L., Leonurus japonicus Houtt., Alternanthera sessilis L. + Symphyotrichum subulatum (Michx.) G. L.), C2 (four natives, i.e., L. indica, P. asiatica, L. japonicus, A. sessilis + Sphagneticola trilobata L.), C3 (five natives, i.e., L. indica, P. asiatica, L. japonicus, A. sessilis, Hemistepta lyrata (Bunge) + S. subulatum), C4 (five natives, i.e., L. indica, P. asiatica, L. japonicus, A. sessilis, H. lyrata + S. trilobata). These communities were exposed to four soil pollutant treatments: (i) no pollutants (CK), (ii) PE microplastic particles (MP), (iii) cadmium, representing a heavy metal (HM), and (iv) both MP + HM. An ANOVA showed that MP, HM, and MP + HM significantly affected the biomass of both native and invasive species across all four communities (P < 0.05). Furthermore, microbial biomass carbon, nitrogen, and CO₂ emissions were higher in C2 and C4 soils (invaded by S. trilobata) than in C1 and C3 soils (invaded by S. subulatum). The invasion resistance index (IRIN) of the native species increased in C1 compared to C2 by 74.50, 49.86, 18.34, and 24.72% under CK, MP, HM, and MP + HM treatments, respectively. Similarly, the IRIN in C3 increased relative to C4 by 48.30, 30.45, 22.56, and 31.03% under the same treatments. The study concludes that invasion resistance of native species depends on species diversity, the specific invasive competitor, and the type of pollutant.

摘要

土壤污染会显著破坏本地植物群落，其方式是削弱本地物种并赋予入侵物种竞争优势。本研究旨在评估不同物种密度的植物群落中本地物种对入侵物种的抵抗力，重点关注不同土壤污染物影响下的生长特性和土壤性质。建立了四个物种数量不同的本地实验群落，每个群落与一种不同的入侵物种配对，即C1（四种本地植物，即印度莴苣、车前草、益母草、节节菜 + 钻叶紫菀），C2（四种本地植物，即印度莴苣、车前草、益母草、节节菜 + 三裂叶蟛蜞菊），C3（五种本地植物，即印度莴苣、车前草、益母草、节节菜、泥胡菜 + 钻叶紫菀），C4（五种本地植物，即印度莴苣、车前草、益母草、节节菜、泥胡菜 + 三裂叶蟛蜞菊）。这些群落接受四种土壤污染物处理：（i）无污染物（CK），（ii）聚乙烯微塑料颗粒（MP），（iii）镉，代表重金属（HM），以及（iv）MP + HM。方差分析表明，MP、HM和MP + HM对所有四个群落中本地物种和入侵物种的生物量均有显著影响（P < 0.05）。此外，C2和C4土壤（被三裂叶蟛蜞菊入侵）中的微生物生物量碳、氮和CO₂排放量高于C1和C3土壤（被钻叶紫菀入侵）。在CK、MP、HM和MP + HM处理下，C1中本地物种的入侵抵抗力指数（IRIN）分别比C2增加了74.50%、49.86%、18.34%和24.72%。同样，在相同处理下，C3中的IRIN相对于C4增加了48.30%、30.45%、22.56%和31.03%。该研究得出结论，本地物种的入侵抵抗力取决于物种多样性、特定的入侵竞争者以及污染物类型。