Tyler Joe J, Davidson Anthony, Poxon Megan E, Llanses Martinez Montserrat, Hume Pete, King Jason S, Koronakis Vassilis
Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK.
School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK.
J Cell Sci. 2025 Jun 15;138(12). doi: 10.1242/jcs.263763. Epub 2025 Jun 23.
The p21-activated kinases (PAKs) are involved in a range of functions, including the regulation of the actin cytoskeleton. However, although many PAK substrates identified have been implicated in the regulation of the actin cytoskeleton, a coherent picture of the total effect of PAK activation on the state of the actin cytoskeleton is unclear. Here, we show that, in mouse embryonic fibroblasts, inhibition of class I PAK kinase activity by small-molecule inhibitors leads to the constitutive production of the phosphoinositide phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate [PI(3,4,5)P3] on the ventral surface of the cell. The formation of patches of PI(3,4,5)P3 remodels the actin cytoskeleton and polarises the cell. From the overexpression of truncated and mutated PAK1 and PAK2 constructs, as well as an in vitro model of PAK activation, we propose that this is driven by a hyper recruitment of class I PAK and PAK-binding partners. This aberrant production of PI(3,4,5)P3 suggests that, by limiting its own recruitment, the kinase activity of class I PAKs acts to downregulate phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) activity, further highlighting class I PAKs as regulators of PI3K activity and therefore the excitability of the actin cytoskeleton.
p21激活激酶(PAKs)参与一系列功能,包括对肌动蛋白细胞骨架的调节。然而,尽管已鉴定出的许多PAK底物都与肌动蛋白细胞骨架的调节有关,但PAK激活对肌动蛋白细胞骨架状态的总体影响的清晰图景仍不明确。在此,我们表明,在小鼠胚胎成纤维细胞中,小分子抑制剂对I类PAK激酶活性的抑制导致细胞腹侧表面组成性产生磷酸肌醇磷脂酰肌醇(3,4,5)-三磷酸[PI(3,4,5)P3]。PI(3,4,5)P3斑块的形成重塑了肌动蛋白细胞骨架并使细胞极化。通过截短和突变的PAK1和PAK2构建体的过表达以及PAK激活的体外模型,我们提出这是由I类PAK和PAK结合伙伴的过度募集驱动的。PI(3,4,5)P3的这种异常产生表明,通过限制自身的募集,I类PAK的激酶活性起到下调磷酸肌醇3激酶(PI3K)活性的作用,进一步突出了I类PAK作为PI3K活性调节剂以及因此作为肌动蛋白细胞骨架兴奋性调节剂的作用。
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