A multifaceted approach of Rhizobium sp. PS1 for biodegradation of azo dye blue GSL and plant growth promotion by alleviating dye induced stress.

Current research has focused on bacteria which have bioremediation ability of textile dye along with plant growth promoting activities. Based on decolorization potential done by plate assay and broth assay, one isolate has the highest decolorization efficiency (91.56%) against Blue GSL azo dye (100 ppm) and identified as Rhizobium sp. PS1 (OP303241). Based on UV-Vis spectral analysis, bacterial treated dye showed a gradual decrease peak compared to untreated. The efficacy of biodegradation was confirmed by analytical methods such as TLC, FTIR, and HPLC, which confirmed the reduction of the azo bond. Rhizobium sp. PS1 exhibited multiple promote plant growth traits such as the nitrogen-fixing ability, solubilize phosphate, produce IAA, siderophores and gibberellin. The phytotoxicity and microtoxicity of the dye degraded products showed reduced toxicity compared to the control dye. Rhizobium sp. PS1 revealed the advantageous effects of on Vigna radiata L. (GM-6) with increased germination rates, physical parameters, and chlorophyll content under dye stress. Analysis of the antioxidant enzyme demonstrated the ability of the strain to mitigate the dye-induced oxidative stress, while the significant reduction of dye concentration in the soil highlights the remediation effectiveness. Overall, this study illustrates the dual capability of Rhizobium sp. PS1 for azo dye degradation and plant growth promotion, offering an eco-friendly approach to improve productivity in dye-contaminated land.