Li Qinju, Li Dashuan, Wang Zelan, Sun Dali, Zhang Ting, Zhang Qinghai
School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 561113, China.
Toxics. 2025 Jun 19;13(6):515. doi: 10.3390/toxics13060515.
Due to high geological background and intensive mining activities, soils are prone to heavy metals (HMs) accumulation and ecological fragility in Guizhou Province, China. A total of 740 topsoil samples were therefore collected, and aimed to determine the concentrations of As, Cd, Cr, Hg, and Pb, estimate the ecological pollution, and evaluate the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic health risks to humans. Results showed As (1.08%) and Cd (24.46%) in soil exceeded standards. The Igeo showed that Cr (1.49%) and Hg (31.62%) in soil were at light pollution levels; single factor pollution index (PI) showed that Cd (21.35%) in soil was mildly polluted; risk index (RI) as at a low risk level. Notably, both deterministic and Monte Carlo analyses revealed unacceptable carcinogenic risks for As and Cr in children, with traditional methods potentially underestimating As risks. Moreover, Target-Organ Toxicity Dose (TTD) revealed soil HMs as a higher risk to hematological health, with notable health risks posed by Pb in children. It is noted that spatial distribution analysis suggested that the southwestern region of Guizhou Province should be prioritized for health risk management and control. By integrating the uniqueness of geological environments, multi-dimensional health risk assessments, and spatial distributions, the present study provides a scientific basis for assessing HMs pollution risks and soil health risks in the karst regions.
由于高地质背景和密集的采矿活动，中国贵州省的土壤易于积累重金属（HMs）且生态脆弱。因此，共采集了740个表层土壤样本，旨在测定砷、镉、铬、汞和铅的浓度，评估生态污染，并评估对人类的致癌和非致癌健康风险。结果表明，土壤中的砷（1.08%）和镉（24.46%）超标。地积累指数表明，土壤中的铬（1.49%）和汞（31.62%）处于轻度污染水平；单因子污染指数（PI）表明，土壤中的镉（21.35%）受到轻度污染；风险指数（RI）处于低风险水平。值得注意的是，确定性分析和蒙特卡洛分析均显示儿童体内的砷和铬存在不可接受的致癌风险，传统方法可能低估了砷的风险。此外，靶器官毒性剂量（TTD）表明土壤重金属对血液健康的风险较高，儿童体内的铅构成了显著的健康风险。需要注意的是，空间分布分析表明，贵州省西南部地区应优先进行健康风险管理和控制。通过整合地质环境的独特性、多维度健康风险评估和空间分布，本研究为评估喀斯特地区的重金属污染风险和土壤健康风险提供了科学依据。
