Gooskens Bram, Bos Dienke J, Naaijen Jilly, Akkermans Sophie E A, Kaiser Anna, Hohmann Sarah, Bruchhage Muriel M K, Banaschewski Tobias, Brandeis Daniel, Williams Steven C R, Lythgoe David J, Buitelaar Jan K, Oranje Bob, Durston Sarah
Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
Donders Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, the Netherlands.
Neuroimage Rep. 2021 May 30;1(2):100015. doi: 10.1016/j.ynirp.2021.100015. eCollection 2021 Jun.
Repetitive behavior is a core symptom of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD), and has been associated with impairments in cognitive control. However, it is unclear how cognitive control and associated neural circuitry relate to the development of repetitive behavior in children with these disorders. In a multicenter, longitudinal study (TACTICS; Translational Adolescent and Childhood Therapeutic Interventions in Compulsive Syndromes), the development of cognitive control was assessed during late childhood using a longitudinal fMRI design with a modified stop-signal task in children with ASD or OCD, and typically developing (TD) children (baseline: N = 95 (8-12 y), follow-up: N = 53 (10-14 y), average interval: 1.48 y (sd: 0.36, range: 0.98-2.52 y). Stop-signal reaction time (SSRT) decreased over development, regardless of diagnosis. Repetitive behavior in children with ASD and OCD was not associated with performance on the stop-signal task. There were no whole-brain between-group differences in brain activity, but ROI-analyses showed increases in activity in right precentral gyrus over development for children with OCD. In sum, even though subtle differences were observed in the development of brain activity in children with OCD, overall the findings suggest that the development of cognitive control, as assessed by the stop signal task, is similar to typical in children with ASD and OCD.
重复行为是自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）和强迫症（OCD）的核心症状，并且与认知控制受损有关。然而，目前尚不清楚认知控制及相关神经回路与患有这些疾病的儿童重复行为的发展之间有何关联。在一项多中心纵向研究（TACTICS；强迫综合征的转化性青少年和儿童治疗干预）中，采用纵向功能磁共振成像设计，使用改良的停止信号任务，对患有ASD或OCD的儿童以及发育正常（TD）的儿童在童年晚期认知控制的发展进行了评估（基线：N = 95（8 - 12岁），随访：N = 53（10 - 14岁），平均间隔：1.48年（标准差：0.36，范围：0.98 - 2.52年）。无论诊断如何，停止信号反应时间（SSRT）在发育过程中均有所下降。患有ASD和OCD的儿童的重复行为与停止信号任务的表现无关。在大脑活动方面，组间没有全脑差异，但感兴趣区分析显示，患有OCD的儿童在发育过程中右中央前回的活动增加。总之，尽管在患有OCD的儿童大脑活动发展中观察到了细微差异，但总体研究结果表明，通过停止信号任务评估的认知控制发展在患有ASD和OCD的儿童中与正常儿童相似。
