Glioblastoma, a highly malignant tumor, has a poor prognosis, necessitating the development of effective therapeutic strategies due to the low success rates of existing treatments. Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) have garnered attention for their unique physicochemical, electronic, and optical properties, along with biocompatibility and the ability to cross the blood-brain barrier. This systematic review evaluates the current applications of GQDs in glioblastoma management. A search across databases such as PubMed, Science Direct, and Web of Science identified 658 papers, with 10 selected for this review based on the eligibility criteria. Most of the selected studies explored GQDs as pretreatment agents for therapies like chemotherapy and photothermal therapy, alongside their roles in biosensing, bioimaging, and drug delivery. Although research is still limited, this review highlights the significant potential of GQDs as multifunctional platforms in glioblastoma therapy. Further studies are essential to optimize these nanostructures for clinical applications, aiming to improve the precision and effectiveness of treatments while reducing systemic side effects.