Deng Zhujie, Chen Haiyan, Chen Jiazhi, Du Zhiyun, Zhou Wei, Yuan Zhengqiang
School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China.
Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis. 2025 Oct;1871(7):167960. doi: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2025.167960. Epub 2025 Jun 27.
Despite advances in understanding neurodegenerative disease mechanisms, effective treatments remain elusive. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), key mediators of intercellular communication within the central nervous system (CNS), are increasingly recognized for their involvement in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), multiple sclerosis (MS) and Huntington's disease (HD). In vivo studies demonstrate EVs' crucial role in maintaining CNS homeostasis, modulating neuroinflammatory responses, and influencing tissue repair and regeneration following injury, thereby impacting disease progression and recovery. Their unique properties, including small size and ability to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB), position them as promising candidates for both biomarkers and therapeutics in CNS diseases. This review delves into the significant impact of neuroinflammation on neurodegenerative conditions, specifically focusing on the multifaceted contributions of EVs and their intricate interplay with the inflammatory landscape. We explore EV biogenesis, cargo composition, diverse roles in neuroinflammation (including intercellular communication and neuroprotection), their potential as biomarkers and drug delivery vehicles across the BBB for diagnosis or treatment of neuroinflammation implemented neurodegenerative diseases.
尽管在理解神经退行性疾病机制方面取得了进展，但有效的治疗方法仍然难以捉摸。细胞外囊泡（EVs）是中枢神经系统（CNS）内细胞间通讯的关键介质，它们在阿尔茨海默病（AD）、帕金森病（PD）、肌萎缩侧索硬化症（ALS）、多发性硬化症（MS）和亨廷顿舞蹈病（HD）等神经退行性疾病的发病机制中的作用日益受到认可。体内研究表明，细胞外囊泡在维持中枢神经系统稳态、调节神经炎症反应以及影响损伤后的组织修复和再生方面起着关键作用，从而影响疾病的进展和恢复。它们的独特性质，包括体积小和能够穿过血脑屏障（BBB），使其成为中枢神经系统疾病生物标志物和治疗方法的有前途的候选者。本综述深入探讨了神经炎症对神经退行性疾病的重大影响，特别关注细胞外囊泡的多方面贡献及其与炎症环境的复杂相互作用。我们探讨了细胞外囊泡的生物发生、货物组成、在神经炎症中的多种作用（包括细胞间通讯和神经保护）、它们作为生物标志物的潜力以及作为跨越血脑屏障的药物递送载体用于诊断或治疗由神经炎症引发的神经退行性疾病。
