This article comments on the study by Zhang , which proposed that exosomes derived from hypoxia-injured endometrial epithelial cells promote human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell migration and differentiation into endometrial epithelial cells exosomal miR-137-3p. The authors demonstrated that miR-137-3p targets ubiquitin protein ligase E3C and activates signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 signaling, thereby driving epithelial lineage transition. While this study expands our understanding of exosome-mediated intercellular communication in endometrial repair, several key gaps remain. Notably, microRNA (miRNA) profiling was performed in human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells post-exosome treatment, not in the exosomes derived from hypoxia-injured endometrial epithelial cell themselves, leaving open whether miR-137-3p is directly transferred or indirectly induced. In addition, data on exosome characterization were unavailable, and the rationale for selecting miR-137-3p over other differentially expressed miRNAs was not well justified. Future studies should include direct exosomal miRNA content analysis, validation, and deeper mechanistic exploration of the ubiquitin protein ligase E3C-signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 ubiquitination axis to establish the clinical and biological relevance of this pathway.