Figueira Bruno, Bravo Jorge, Raimundo Armando, Reis António
Departamento de Desporto e Saúde, Escola de Saúde e Desenvolvimento Humano, Universidade de Évora, Largo dos Colegiais nº 2, 7000-803, Évora, Portugal.
Comprehensive Health Research Centre (CHRC), Universidade de Évora, Largo dos Colegiais nº2, 7000-803, Évora, Portugal.
Sci Rep. 2025 Jul 2;15(1):22485. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-05378-2.
The present study aimed to examine the effects of a 26-week multicomponent exercise program on lipid and lipoprotein profiles, blood pressure, and anthropometric parameters in healthy, previously sedentary premenopausal and postmenopausal women aged 40-60, as determined by the Baecke physical activity questionnaire. The program, comprising resistance, balance, flexibility, and aerobic exercises performed at 60-80% of maximal heart rate, aimed to identify group-specific responses and establish the program's efficacy in mitigating cardiovascular risks. Seventy-five women were recruited, and 38 completed the intervention. Participants were categorized into premenopausal (n = 18), postmenopausal (n = 10), and control groups (n = 10). Key measures included total cholesterol, low- and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and anthropometric variables. Statistical analyses employed the Shapiro-Wilk test, paired t-tests, Wilcoxon tests, and Kruskal-Wallis tests, with α = 0.05. Significant improvements were observed in both groups. Premenopausal women showed superior lipid and glucose reductions (p < 0.01, d = 0.79), while postmenopausal women showed greater blood pressure decreases (p < 0.01, d > 1.40). Anthropometric changes were significant but varied in magnitude. Premenopausal women improved lipid and glucose profiles; postmenopausal women showed greater reductions in blood pressure and waist circumference. Multicomponent training with aerobic, resistance, and flexibility elements should be adapted to each group's clinical targets.
本研究旨在通过贝克身体活动问卷，考察一项为期26周的多组分运动计划对40 - 60岁健康、既往久坐的绝经前和绝经后女性的血脂和脂蛋白谱、血压及人体测量参数的影响。该计划包括以最大心率的60 - 80%进行的阻力、平衡、柔韧性和有氧运动，旨在确定特定组别的反应，并确定该计划在减轻心血管风险方面的功效。招募了75名女性，38名完成了干预。参与者被分为绝经前组（n = 18）、绝经后组（n = 10）和对照组（n = 10）。关键测量指标包括总胆固醇、低密度和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、甘油三酯、血糖、收缩压和舒张压以及人体测量变量。统计分析采用夏皮罗 - 威尔克检验、配对t检验、威尔科克森检验和克鲁斯卡尔 - 沃利斯检验，α = 0.05。两组均观察到显著改善。绝经前女性在血脂和血糖降低方面表现更优（p < 0.01，d = 0.79），而绝经后女性血压下降幅度更大（p < 0.01，d > 1.40）。人体测量变化显著，但幅度不同。绝经前女性改善了血脂和血糖谱；绝经后女性血压和腰围下降幅度更大。包含有氧、阻力和柔韧性元素的多组分训练应根据每组的临床目标进行调整。
