Liang Yapu, Li Tianhe, Liu Jiayue, Gao Yahui, Bao Shanju, Guo Yufang, Liu Qi, Huang Xu, Zhong Qi, Lin Lehai
School of Strength and Conditioning Training, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, 100084, China.
School of Physical Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
Sci Rep. 2025 Jul 1;15(1):20827. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-08577-z.
PAPE (post-activation performance enhancement) has gained attention in sports science due to its potential to enhance athletic performance. This study aimed to investigate the effects of different PAPE activation methods, including non-activation (CON), Dynamic High Inertia Load (DYN), Specific Isometric Contraction (ISO), and Back Squat (BSQ), on standing start sprint performance in elite female track cyclists. A randomised, counterbalanced experimental design was used, with eight elite female track cyclists (age: 23.3 ± 1.3 years; height: 1.66 ± 0.02 m; weight: 62 ± 1 kg). Each participant participated in four activation experiments, each performing one of the four activation protocols (CON, DYN, ISO, BSQ). Each experiment included four tests: pre-activation (PRE), post-activation at 4 min (POST 4), post-activation at 8 min (POST 8), and post-activation at 12 min (POST 12). Each test consisted of a 62.5-metre standing start time trial (TT), with TT time, peak power output (PPO), and peak torque (PT) measured. The Friedman test was used for the main effect analysis. The DYN significantly improved sprint performance, with TT time decreased at POST 4 (p = 0.019) and PT increased (p = 0.003). The ISO improvements in PT at POST 12 (p = 0.044), but the TT time remained unchanged (p > 0.05). The BSQ showed no significant performance enhancement in TT time or PT (p > 0.05). DYN activation is the most effective PAPE method for improving standing start sprint performance in elite female track cyclists, with optimal effects observed 4 min post-activation. While ISO may improve peak torque, it did not enhance sprint time.
激活后增强效应(PAPE)因其提升运动表现的潜力而在体育科学领域受到关注。本研究旨在探究不同的PAPE激活方法,包括无激活(CON)、动态高惯性负荷(DYN)、特定等长收缩(ISO)和后深蹲(BSQ),对精英女子场地自行车运动员站立起跑冲刺表现的影响。采用随机、平衡的实验设计,选取了八名精英女子场地自行车运动员(年龄:23.3±1.3岁;身高:1.66±0.02米;体重:62±1千克)。每位参与者参加四项激活实验,每项实验执行四种激活方案(CON、DYN、ISO、BSQ)中的一种。每项实验包括四项测试:激活前(PRE)、激活后4分钟(POST 4)、激活后8分钟(POST 8)和激活后12分钟(POST 12)。每项测试均包括一次62.5米的站立起跑计时赛(TT),并测量TT时间、峰值功率输出(PPO)和峰值扭矩(PT)。使用Friedman检验进行主效应分析。DYN显著提高了冲刺表现,POST 4时TT时间缩短(p = 0.019),PT增加(p = 0.003)。ISO使POST 12时的PT有所改善(p = 0.044),但TT时间保持不变(p > 0.05)。BSQ在TT时间或PT方面未显示出显著的表现提升(p > 0.05)。DYN激活是提高精英女子场地自行车运动员站立起跑冲刺表现最有效的PAPE方法,在激活后4分钟观察到最佳效果。虽然ISO可能会改善峰值扭矩,但并未提高冲刺时间。