诱导性根尖周病变的金属组学特征——体内研究

Pereira Jennifer Santos, Fornazaro Moraes Brenda, Leutz Anna Carolina Neves, Nicolau Hellen Carolliny de Souza, Santos Rafaela Caires, Tartari Talita, Gomes Brenda Paula Figueiredo de Almeida, de Jesus Soares Adriana, Janini Ana Cristina Padilha, Pelepenko Lauter Eston, Marciano Marina Angélica

Division of Endodontics, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas (FOP-Unicamp), Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.

Int Endod J. 2025 Oct;58(10):1594-1615. doi: 10.1111/iej.14274. Epub 2025 Jul 1.

AIM

Metals are essential for metabolism and play a crucial role in various biological processes. Therefore, the aim of this study was to characterize and compare the metallomic profiles of periapical lesions and healthy alveolar bone in rats using complementary analytical techniques.

METHODOLOGY

This study included 76 lower first molars (from 38 Wistar rats) where induced periapical lesions and controls (sham) were compared. Periapical lesion induction was performed by pulp exposure of these teeth, allowing infection development. After 40 days, the animals were reweighed, euthanised and their hemimandibles analysed by periapical radiography, histological analysis, micro-computed tomography (μ-CT), X-ray fluorescence microscopy (μ-XRF), scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM/EDS), inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Ten essential metals for metabolism were analysed (sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, iron, manganese, cobalt, copper, zinc and molybdenum). The analyses observed a significance level of 5%.

RESULTS

Radiographic analysis confirmed the induction of periapical lesions, without difference in animal weight between the conditions (p > .05). Histologically, the periapical lesions showed intense inflammatory infiltrate, cells with bluish cytoplasmic granules, alveolar resorption and scores ranging from moderate to intense. The μ-CT analysis of the induced lesion revealed a significant difference in the periapical region volume (12.74 mm, p = .0017). SEM/EDS showed limited sensitivity for the investigated chemical elements; however, μ-XRF identified diminished intensities for calcium and zinc and increased intensities for iron. ICP-MS and ICP-OES identified increased concentrations of sodium (p = .0137), potassium (p = .0005), calcium (0.0059), magnesium (p = .0004), iron (p < .001), iron (p = .0078), iron (p = .0315) and manganese (p < .001) within the induced periapical lesion, suggesting a direct impact on mineral homeostasis following this pathology.

CONCLUSIONS

This study demonstrated differences in the levels of various essential elements between conditions with periapical lesions and healthy controls.

目的

金属对于新陈代谢至关重要，在各种生物过程中发挥关键作用。因此，本研究的目的是使用互补分析技术对大鼠根尖周病变和健康牙槽骨的金属组学特征进行表征和比较。

方法

本研究纳入了76颗下颌第一磨牙（来自38只Wistar大鼠），比较诱导的根尖周病变和对照组（假手术组）。通过暴露这些牙齿的牙髓来诱导根尖周病变，使其发生感染。40天后，对动物再次称重，实施安乐死，并通过根尖周X线摄影、组织学分析、显微计算机断层扫描（μ-CT）、X射线荧光显微镜（μ-XRF）、带能谱的扫描电子显微镜（SEM/EDS）、电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法（ICP-OES）和电感耦合等离子体质谱法（ICP-MS）对其半侧下颌骨进行分析。分析了10种新陈代谢必需的金属（钠、钾、镁、钙、铁、锰、钴、铜、锌和钼）。分析的显著性水平为5%。

结果

X线摄影分析证实了根尖周病变的诱导，不同条件下动物体重无差异（p>0.05）。组织学上，根尖周病变表现为强烈的炎性浸润、具有蓝色胞质颗粒的细胞、牙槽骨吸收，评分从中度到重度。对诱导病变的μ-CT分析显示根尖周区域体积存在显著差异（12.74mm，p=0.0017）。SEM/EDS对所研究的化学元素显示出有限的灵敏度；然而，μ-XRF确定钙和锌的强度降低，铁的强度增加。ICP-MS和ICP-OES确定诱导的根尖周病变内钠（p=0.0137）、钾（p=0.0005）、钙（0.0059）、镁（p=0.0004）、铁（p<0.001）、铁（p=0.0078）、铁（p=0.0315）和锰（p<0.001）的浓度增加，表明这种病理状态对矿物质稳态有直接影响。