Ferreira Isabella Braghin, de Souza Filho Roberto Teixeira, Lescano Susana Angélica Zevallos, Giuffrida Rogério, Rodrigues Daniele, de Faria Resende Suelen Teixeira, Figueiredo Fabiano Borges, Kmetiuk Louise Bach, Dos Santos Andrea Pires, Biondo Alexander Welker, Santarém Vamilton Alvares
Graduate College in Animal Sciences, University of Western São Paulo (UNOESTE), Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil.
Institute of Tropical Medicine of São Paulo, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
One Health. 2025 Jun 10;21:101106. doi: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2025.101106. eCollection 2025 Dec.
Toxocariasis, a neglected parasitic zoonosis, has mostly affected vulnerable populations of subtropical and tropical regions worldwide. In addition to vulnerability, indigenous communities have long existed before bordering areas, particularly in South American countries, leading to cultural isolation, migratory and environmental concerns, lately associated to low human infrastructure and lack of healthcare policies. Accordingly, the study herein has serosurveyed anti- spp. antibodies in indigenous persons, and surveyed spp. in their dog and soil samples from a Guarani-Mabyá indigenous community located in a tri-border area of Brazil, Paraguay and Argentina. Overall, seropositivity was detected in 246/258 (95.3 %; 95 % CI: 92.1-97.3) indigenous persons, with no statistically associated risk factor to seropositivity, likely due to the highest human toxocariasis seroprevalence reported to date worldwide. Although detected in only 8/124 (6.5 %) dog feces samples, spp. eggs were present in 13/42 (30.9 %) soil samples of common areas and 17/32 (53.1 %) of households, molecularly identified as by DNA amplification. The significant number of infective spp. eggs found in the soil samples has reinforced the role of daily environmental exposure in sustaining transmission within this community, which may reflect the pattern of disease status in other nearby indigenous communities. Moreover, migratory behavior of Guarani ethnicity across the tri-border may have spread infection to other border indigenous communities of Brazil, Paraguay and Argentina.
弓蛔虫病是一种被忽视的寄生虫人畜共患病，主要影响着全球亚热带和热带地区的弱势群体。除了易感性之外，土著社区在边境地区形成之前就长期存在，特别是在南美国家，这导致了文化隔离、迁徙和环境问题，最近还与人类基础设施薄弱和缺乏医疗政策相关。因此，本研究对一个位于巴西、巴拉圭和阿根廷三国边境地区的瓜拉尼-马比亚土著社区的土著居民进行了抗弓蛔虫属抗体的血清学调查，并对其狗和土壤样本中的弓蛔虫属进行了检测。总体而言，在246/258名（95.3%；95%置信区间：92.1-97.3）土著居民中检测到血清阳性，与血清阳性无统计学关联的风险因素，这可能是由于该血清阳性率是迄今为止全球报告的人类弓蛔虫病最高血清阳性率。虽然仅在8/124份（6.5%）狗粪便样本中检测到弓蛔虫属，但在公共区域的13/42份（30.9%）土壤样本和17/32份（53.1%）家庭土壤样本中发现了弓蛔虫属虫卵，通过DNA扩增分子鉴定为弓蛔虫属。在土壤样本中发现大量具有感染性的弓蛔虫属虫卵，这强化了日常环境暴露在该社区维持传播中的作用，这可能反映了其他附近土著社区的疾病状况模式。此外，瓜拉尼族在三国边境的迁徙行为可能已将感染传播到巴西、巴拉圭和阿根廷的其他边境土著社区。
