Yin Xianli, Tian Lv, Liu Qi, Zhao Hanbing
The Clinical Medical College, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.
Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
Front Nutr. 2025 Jun 18;12:1586691. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2025.1586691. eCollection 2025.
BACKGROUND: Emerging evidence suggests that dietary patterns can mediate intestinal inflammatory responses through immune-microbiome interactions. Diet and inflammation are important pathogenic factors for ulcerative colitis (UC). However, the existing evidence regarding the association between a pro-inflammatory diet and the risk of UC is controversial, and further clarification of this association is needed. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to explore the association between pro-inflammatory diet and UC risk. METHODS: We systematically searched PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases from their inception to January 15th, 2025. Two researchers independently used the Newcastle - Ottawa Scale to assess the quality of the included studies. Data analysis was performed using STATA 17 software. RESULTS: This systematic review and meta-analysis included eight studies involving approximately 758,068 participants. The meta-analysis indicated that an inflammatory or pro-inflammatory diet did not increase the risk of UC (OR = 0.97, 95% CI = 0.84-1.12). However, subgroup analyses revealed differing results: within the case-control study subgroup, a pro-inflammatory diet was associated with an increased risk of UC (OR = 2.09, 95% CI: 1.23-3.56), whereas in the cohort study subgroup, no significant association was found between a pro-inflammatory diet and UC (OR = 0.91, 95% CI: 0.78-1.06). Sensitivity analysis indicated that the study results were robust. Additionally, Begg's test ( = 0.174) and Egger's test ( = 0.085) showed no significant publication bias in this study. CONCLUSION: The results of this study do not support a significant association between pro-inflammatory diets and UC risk. However, due to the limited level of evidence from observational studies and their heterogeneity, the association between pro-inflammatory diets and UC may be underestimated or overestimated. Therefore, larger multi-centre studies are needed to standardize the assessment of diets and adjust for microbial-related confounding factors in order to elucidate the association and mechanisms between pro-inflammatory diets and UC.
背景：新出现的证据表明，饮食模式可通过免疫-微生物组相互作用介导肠道炎症反应。饮食和炎症是溃疡性结肠炎（UC）的重要致病因素。然而，关于促炎饮食与UC风险之间关联的现有证据存在争议，需要进一步阐明这种关联。 目的：本研究旨在探讨促炎饮食与UC风险之间的关联。 方法：我们系统检索了PubMed、Web of Science、Scopus、EMBASE和Cochrane图书馆数据库，检索时间从各数据库建库至2025年1月15日。两名研究人员独立使用纽卡斯尔-渥太华量表评估纳入研究的质量。使用STATA 17软件进行数据分析。 结果：本系统评价和荟萃分析纳入了8项研究，涉及约758,068名参与者。荟萃分析表明，炎症性或促炎饮食不会增加UC风险（OR = 0.97，95%CI = 0.84 - 1.12）。然而，亚组分析得出了不同的结果：在病例对照研究亚组中，促炎饮食与UC风险增加相关（OR = 2.09，95%CI：1.23 - 3.56），而在队列研究亚组中，未发现促炎饮食与UC之间存在显著关联（OR = 0.91，95%CI：0.78 - 1.06）。敏感性分析表明研究结果具有稳健性。此外，Begg检验（ = 0.174）和Egger检验（ = 0.085）表明本研究无显著的发表偏倚。 结论：本研究结果不支持促炎饮食与UC风险之间存在显著关联。然而，由于观察性研究的证据水平有限及其异质性，促炎饮食与UC之间的关联可能被低估或高估。因此，需要开展更大规模的多中心研究，以规范饮食评估并调整微生物相关的混杂因素，从而阐明促炎饮食与UC之间的关联及机制。
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