Deubiquitylating Enzymes in Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Ubiquitination is a reversible and dynamic process, precisely regulated by ubiquitin-activating enzymes (E1), ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes (E2), ubiquitin ligases (E3), and deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs). Dysregulation of DUBs disrupts the dynamic balance of ubiquitination, contributing to the development of various diseases, particularly cancer. An increasing number of studies have identified dysregulation of DUBs in various tumor types and have explored their regulatory mechanisms in these contexts. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the most common form of liver cancer, is highly malignant and has limited treatment options, necessitating the exploration of additional therapeutic strategies. Current research has identified dysregulation of DUBs in HCC, but their mechanisms of action remain poorly understood. Given the large number of DUB family members, there is significant potential for further investigation. This review summarizes the DUBs associated with HCC, including their structures, functions, and the mechanisms through which they regulate HCC development. Furthermore, we provide a brief overview of the discussed DUBs, aiming to offer new perspectives for future HCC research.