Ferguson J, Addo H A, Jones S, Johnson B E, Frain-Bell W
Br J Dermatol. 1985 Nov;113(5):537-49. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.1985.tb02377.x.
Amiodarone-induced cutaneous photosensitivity was studied in 12 subjects treated with the drug. The action spectrum for the abnormal response to sunlight was shown to be within the range of 335-460 (+/- 30) nm. The clinical features of the photosensitivity response suggested that it was most probably a phototoxic reaction, a conclusion supported by the results of in vitro studies which indicated activity mainly against cell membranes. Of the five in vitro models used, three--namely photohaemolysis, the inhibition of DNA synthesis in PHA stimulated lymphocytes and the killing of mouse peritoneal macrophages--provided unequivocal evidence of the phototoxic potential of both amiodarone and its major metabolite, desethylamiodarone. In each model desethylamiodarone produced a greater effect by a factor of between 2 and 10. In vitro, UV-B wavelengths produced a greater effect than UVA but the difference between the effective wavelengths in vivo and in vitro might be explained by the greater absorption of the shorter wavelength UV-B in the epidermis. Zinc oxide-containing preparations appeared to be the most effective in reducing the cutaneous photosensitivity. It is suggested that the long-term cutaneous pigmentation resulting from oral amiodarone has a significant photosensitivity component.
对12名服用胺碘酮的受试者进行了胺碘酮诱导的皮肤光敏性研究。对阳光异常反应的作用光谱显示在335 - 460（±30）nm范围内。光敏反应的临床特征表明，这很可能是一种光毒性反应，体外研究结果支持了这一结论，该研究表明其活性主要针对细胞膜。在所使用的五种体外模型中，三种——即光溶血、PHA刺激的淋巴细胞中DNA合成的抑制以及小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞的杀伤——提供了胺碘酮及其主要代谢产物去乙基胺碘酮光毒性潜力的确切证据。在每个模型中，去乙基胺碘酮的作用效果要强2至10倍。在体外，UV - B波长产生的效果比UVA更强，但体内和体外有效波长之间的差异可能是由于较短波长的UV - B在表皮中的吸收更强。含氧化锌的制剂似乎在降低皮肤光敏性方面最有效。有人提出，口服胺碘酮导致的长期皮肤色素沉着有显著的光敏成分。
