Differences in the effects of pollen and prey-based diets on the biological performance of Euseius citrifolius (Acari: Phytoseiidae): an important predator for phytophagous mites management in grapevines.

Euseius citrifolius Denmark & Muma is a type IV generalist predatory mite with a dietary preference for pollen. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that different prey, even if phylogenetically related and reared on the same host, can influence the predator's fitness by affecting its development and reproduction. We evaluated the biological performance of E. citrifolius when fed on Ricinus communis pollen and prey-based diets. Prey-based diets consisted of Oligonychus punicae and Tetranychus urticae reared on grapevines, as well as pollen. The following parameters of E. citrifolius were evaluated: developmental time of immature stages, longevity, reproduction, cumulative percentage of adults, mean oviposition rate, life-table parameters, and fertility. Oligonychus punicae and T. urticae diets resulted in a longer development time from egg to adult, increased longevity, higher oviposition rate, higher cumulative percentage of adults, and higher daily oviposition than the pollen diet. Although the pollen diet was less efficient at reproduction, it promoted higher viability. The net reproduction rate, intrinsic rate of increase, and mean generation time were higher in prey-based diets (O. punicae and T. urticae) than in the pollen diet. Overall, both prey diets supported the biological performance of E. citrifolius. These findings provide valuable insights for future research on the mass production of E. citrifolius and its potential for controlling O. punicae and T. urticae in grapevines.