Wang Yifei, Li Hui
Beijing First Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine,, No. 2, inside No. 13 Jintai Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China.
Beijing First Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, No. 2, inside No. 13 Jintai Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China.
Sci Rep. 2025 Jul 10;15(1):24877. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-08558-2.
Thyroid eye disease (TED) and diabetes mellitus (DM) cause vision loss, with DM aggravating TED. In this study, we aimed to explore the mechanisms of this interaction, and therefore, analyzed gene expression data from representative TED and DM datasets using bioinformatic tools. Following normalization and differential expression analysis, common differentially expressed genes (CDEGs) between the datasets were identified and subjected to Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA), as well as Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) functional enrichment analyses. Interaction networks were constructed and the diagnostic potential of the CDEGs was assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. The TED_Dataset and DM_Dataset contained 449 and 108 DEGs, respectively, with seven CDEGs. GO and KEGG analyses linked the CDEGs to biological processes including leukocyte adhesion and apoptosis. GSEA emphasized their roles in inflammation and fibrosis. Protein-protein interaction network analysis identified MFAP4 as a key hub gene. Constructed mRNA-transcription factor, mRNA-RNA binding protein, mRNA-microRNA, and mRNA-drug interaction networks revealed extensive regulatory relationships. ROC curve analysis demonstrated that CXCL12 and SFRP4 were potential diagnostic biomarkers for TED, and SFRP4, IL6, MFAP4, and CRISPLD2 were potential diagnostic biomarkers for DM. Altogether, our findings provide comprehensive molecular insights into DM and TED, identifying novel targets for therapeutic intervention and diagnostic biomarkers.
甲状腺眼病（TED）和糖尿病（DM）会导致视力丧失，且糖尿病会加重甲状腺眼病。在本研究中，我们旨在探究这种相互作用的机制，因此，使用生物信息学工具分析了来自代表性甲状腺眼病和糖尿病数据集的基因表达数据。经过标准化和差异表达分析后，确定了数据集中的共同差异表达基因（CDEGs），并对其进行基因集富集分析（GSEA）以及基因本体（GO）和京都基因与基因组百科全书（KEGG）功能富集分析。构建了相互作用网络，并使用受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线分析评估了共同差异表达基因的诊断潜力。甲状腺眼病数据集和糖尿病数据集分别包含449个和108个差异表达基因，共有7个共同差异表达基因。GO和KEGG分析将这些共同差异表达基因与包括白细胞粘附和凋亡在内的生物学过程联系起来。GSEA强调了它们在炎症和纤维化中的作用。蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用网络分析确定MFAP4为关键枢纽基因。构建的mRNA-转录因子、mRNA-RNA结合蛋白、mRNA-微小RNA和mRNA-药物相互作用网络揭示了广泛的调控关系。ROC曲线分析表明，CXCL12和SFRP4是甲状腺眼病的潜在诊断生物标志物，而SFRP4、IL6、MFAP4和CRISPLD2是糖尿病的潜在诊断生物标志物。总之，我们的研究结果为糖尿病和甲状腺眼病提供了全面的分子见解，确定了治疗干预的新靶点和诊断生物标志物。
