Parmar Khushbu S, Patel Kalpesh M
Department of Biology, B.K.M. Science College, Valsad Affiliated to VNSGU, Surat, Gujarat, India.
World J Microbiol Biotechnol. 2025 Jul 11;41(7):262. doi: 10.1007/s11274-025-04424-5.
Algal-based bioremediation has emerged as a promising, environmentally sustainable, and economically feasible method for the removal of heavy metal ions from contaminated wastewater. This review offers a comprehensive examination of the potential of both microalgae and macroalgae in biosorption and bioremediation processes. It investigates the physicochemical mechanisms involved, including surface adsorption, ion exchange, complexation, bioaccumulation, bioprecipitation, and enzymatic reduction. The efficiency of metal removal is influenced by various factors such as algal species, metal type, pH, and temperature. Case studies underscore the successful application of algae in removing metals such as lead, cadmium, arsenic, and chromium. The advantages of using algae include high metal-binding capacity, rapid growth rates, biomass regeneration potential, and minimal sludge generation. However, challenges persist in biomass harvesting, reusability, and scaling up for real-world applications. Future advancements may focus on the genetic engineering of algal strains and integration with other treatment technologies to enhance performance and feasibility in industrial settings.
基于藻类的生物修复已成为一种有前景、环境可持续且经济可行的方法，用于从受污染的废水中去除重金属离子。本综述全面考察了微藻和大型海藻在生物吸附和生物修复过程中的潜力。它研究了其中涉及的物理化学机制，包括表面吸附、离子交换、络合、生物积累、生物沉淀和酶促还原。金属去除效率受多种因素影响，如藻类种类、金属类型、pH值和温度。案例研究强调了藻类在去除铅、镉、砷和铬等金属方面的成功应用。使用藻类的优点包括高金属结合能力、快速生长速率、生物质再生潜力以及最小化污泥产生。然而，在生物质收获、可重复使用性以及扩大规模以用于实际应用方面仍存在挑战。未来的进展可能集中在藻类菌株的基因工程以及与其他处理技术的整合，以提高工业环境中的性能和可行性。
