Liang Chengjun, Liu Honglin
School of Physical Education, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China.
Front Physiol. 2025 Jun 26;16:1569639. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2025.1569639. eCollection 2025.
Resistance training has a wide range of applications in sports, national fitness, and sports rehabilitation. In the early stages of resistance training, muscle volume did not show significant changes, but strength increased significantly, mainly due to adaptive changes in the human nervous system. This article focuses on exploring the effects and mechanisms of resistance training on the human corticospinal central nervous system, aiming to provide a theoretical reference for the scientific design of resistance training programs in various fields. Resistance training can enhance corticospinal excitability, lower the threshold for active movement, and increase the motor-evoked potential with increasing resistance training intensity. Resistance training significantly reduced short interval cortical inhibition and shortened the duration of cortical silence. After resistance training, the active muscle recruitment curve area significantly increased. Resistance training reduces the degree of coactivation between the agonist and antagonist muscles, reduces the cortical inhibitory effect of the active muscle, and increases the cortical promoting effect. The mechanisms of excitatory changes in the central nervous system during resistance training mainly include corticospinal adaptation, reticulospinal tract adaptation, and spinal cord adaptation. These mechanisms are mainly achieved through increased synaptic connectivity of cortical spinal motor neurons or increased excitability of motor neurons, or through increased synaptic efficacy of projections from the reticulospinal to the spinal cord. The mechanism of cortical inhibition reduction mainly be achieved by sensory feedback reducing the excitability of cortical inhibition circuits or accompanying activation of cortical facilitation networks.
抗阻训练在体育、全民健身和运动康复等领域有着广泛的应用。在抗阻训练的早期阶段，肌肉体积未显示出显著变化，但力量显著增加，这主要归因于人体神经系统的适应性变化。本文重点探讨抗阻训练对人体皮质脊髓中枢神经系统的影响及机制，旨在为各领域抗阻训练方案的科学设计提供理论参考。抗阻训练可增强皮质脊髓兴奋性，降低主动运动阈值，并随着抗阻训练强度的增加而增大运动诱发电位。抗阻训练显著降低短间隔皮质抑制，并缩短皮质静息持续时间。抗阻训练后，主动肌肉募集曲线面积显著增加。抗阻训练降低了原动肌与拮抗肌之间的共同激活程度，降低了主动肌的皮质抑制作用，并增强了皮质促进作用。抗阻训练期间中枢神经系统兴奋性变化的机制主要包括皮质脊髓适应、网状脊髓束适应和脊髓适应。这些机制主要通过增加皮质脊髓运动神经元的突触连接性或增加运动神经元的兴奋性，或通过增加从网状脊髓到脊髓的投射的突触效能来实现。皮质抑制降低的机制主要通过感觉反馈降低皮质抑制回路的兴奋性或伴随皮质易化网络的激活来实现。
