Abbas Saadia, Adil Haleema Sadia, Raza Shahzad, Basit Janita, Arul Karan, Anwer Faiz, Habib Muhammad Hamza
Medical College, Aga Khan University, Karachi 74800, Pakistan.
University College London Medical School, London WC1E 6DE, UK.
Cancers (Basel). 2025 Jun 27;17(13):2166. doi: 10.3390/cancers17132166.
Multiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable plasma cell malignancy characterized by the increased production of monoclonal immunoglobulin. Patients with MM are at high risk of suffering from disease-related complications. Osteolytic bone disease is one of the most common disease-related complications, resulting in chronic pain and skeletal pathologies that contribute significantly to high morbidity and mortality rates among MM patients. In addition to standard anti-MM therapy, management of disease-related sequelae is integral to improving quality of life in MM patients. Bisphosphates have long been the mainstay treatment for patients with myeloma bone disease (MBD) due to their ability to reduce the incidence of skeletal-related adverse events. However, in recent years, a deeper understanding of the complex biology and pathophysiology associated with myeloma bone disease has led to the development of novel therapies that have the potential to improve MM patient management and outcomes. This narrative review uses the most recent extant publications to review all such advancements. It aims to summarize evidence-based strategies for the management of myeloma bone disease and therapy-associated adverse events whilst highlighting current guidelines on optimal bisphosphonate use and providing an overview of promising new agents currently in clinical development.
多发性骨髓瘤(MM)是一种无法治愈的浆细胞恶性肿瘤,其特征是单克隆免疫球蛋白产生增加。MM患者极易出现与疾病相关的并发症。溶骨性骨病是最常见的与疾病相关的并发症之一,会导致慢性疼痛和骨骼病变,这在很大程度上导致了MM患者的高发病率和死亡率。除了标准的抗MM治疗外,处理与疾病相关的后遗症对于提高MM患者的生活质量至关重要。由于双膦酸盐能够降低骨骼相关不良事件的发生率,长期以来一直是骨髓瘤骨病(MBD)患者的主要治疗方法。然而,近年来,对与骨髓瘤骨病相关的复杂生物学和病理生理学有了更深入的了解,从而开发出了有可能改善MM患者管理和预后的新疗法。这篇叙述性综述利用最新的现有出版物对所有这些进展进行了综述。其目的是总结基于证据的骨髓瘤骨病管理策略以及与治疗相关的不良事件,同时强调最佳双膦酸盐使用的当前指南,并概述目前正在临床开发中的有前景的新药物。