多发性骨髓瘤中与替西妥单抗相关的细胞因子释放综合征:基于病例的机制、管理及临床意义文献综述
Teclistamab-associated cytokine release syndrome in multiple myeloma: a case-based literature review of mechanisms, management, and clinical implications.
作者信息
Cheema Muhammad, Syed Salman, Ghuman Zoha, Iftikhar Asma
机构信息
Department of Internal Medicine, Mather Hospital, Northwell Health, Port Jefferson, NY, USA.
Division of Intensive Care Medicine and Pulmonary Medicine, Northwell Health, Port Jefferson, NY, USA.
出版信息
Arch Clin Cases. 2025 Jul 15;12(2):98-101. doi: 10.22551/2025.47.1202.10320. eCollection 2025.
Cytokine release syndrome (CRS) is a potentially life-threatening inflammatory condition that can occur after immune-based therapies, such as bispecific antibodies. We present the case of a 66-year-old woman with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma who developed fatal CRS following treatment with Teclistamab, a bispecific antibody that targets CD3 on T cells and B-cell maturation antigen on myeloma cells. The patient had previously achieved remission with rituximab, bortezomib, and autologous stem cell transplantation but experienced a relapse after eight years. Teclistamab was initiated with a step-up dosing regimen. Before treatment, she received premedication with intravenous fluids, steroids, and tocilizumab. Despite this premedication, the patient was readmitted with fever, chills, and shortness of breath, leukopenia, and hypoxia. Imaging studies indicated pneumonia. During her hospitalization, her condition deteriorated rapidly, resulting in respiratory failure and refractory shock. She was transferred to the intensive care unit (ICU), where she required mechanical ventilation and multiple pressor support. Despite aggressive resuscitation efforts, she progressed to multi-organ failure, and the family ultimately chose to withdraw care. CRS is characterized by a systemic inflammatory response with rapid and excessive release of cytokines, particularly IL-6, IL-2, IL-10, IFN-γ, and GM-CSF. Severe CRS can clinically resemble sepsis. Management strategies include early recognition, supportive care, and immunomodulatory therapy, particularly with tocilizumab and corticosteroids. This case underscores the diagnostic and therapeutic challenges of differentiating severe CRS from infection. This case uniquely contributes to current understanding by highlighting the limitations of current premedication protocols and emphasizing the critical need for enhanced monitoring and rapid intervention protocols in managing Teclistamab-induced CRS. It highlights the critical need for prompt, targeted intervention to prevent fatal outcomes in patients receiving novel immunotherapies.
细胞因子释放综合征(CRS)是一种潜在的危及生命的炎症性疾病,可发生在基于免疫的治疗后,如双特异性抗体治疗后。我们报告了一例66岁复发/难治性多发性骨髓瘤女性患者的病例,该患者在接受靶向T细胞上的CD3和骨髓瘤细胞上的B细胞成熟抗原的双特异性抗体替雷利珠单抗治疗后发生了致命的CRS。该患者此前使用利妥昔单抗、硼替佐米和自体干细胞移植实现了缓解,但8年后复发。替雷利珠单抗采用逐步递增给药方案启动。治疗前,她接受了静脉输液、类固醇和托珠单抗的预处理。尽管进行了这种预处理,患者仍因发热、寒战、呼吸急促、白细胞减少和缺氧再次入院。影像学检查显示为肺炎。在住院期间,她的病情迅速恶化,导致呼吸衰竭和难治性休克。她被转至重症监护病房(ICU),在那里需要机械通气和多种升压支持。尽管进行了积极的复苏努力,她仍进展为多器官功能衰竭,家属最终选择放弃治疗。CRS的特征是细胞因子迅速过度释放引起的全身炎症反应,特别是白细胞介素-6、白细胞介素-2、白细胞介素-10、干扰素-γ和粒细胞-巨噬细胞集落刺激因子。严重的CRS在临床上可能类似于脓毒症。管理策略包括早期识别、支持性治疗和免疫调节治疗,特别是使用托珠单抗和皮质类固醇。该病例强调了区分严重CRS与感染的诊断和治疗挑战。该病例通过突出当前预处理方案的局限性,并强调在管理替雷利珠单抗诱导的CRS中加强监测和快速干预方案的迫切需要,为当前的认识做出了独特贡献。它强调了对接受新型免疫疗法的患者进行及时、有针对性干预以预防致命后果的迫切需要。
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