纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂调控胰腺癌中的免疫抑制肿瘤微环境。
Plasminogen activator inhibitors orchestrate the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment in pancreatic cancer.
作者信息
Falcomatà Chiara, Nielsen Sebastian R, Schaefer Maximilian M, Singh Bhavya, Tepper Alexander, Chhamalwan Divya, Potak Hunter T, Dhainaut Maxime, Mollaoglu Gurkan, Park Matthew D, Merad Miriam, Baccarini Alessia, Brown Brian D
机构信息
Icahn Genomics Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
出版信息
bioRxiv. 2025 Jun 17:2025.06.11.659098. doi: 10.1101/2025.06.11.659098.
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is characterized by a dense extracellular matrix (ECM) that sustains an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). While this protective niche has been described, the molecular determinants orchestrating its formation and dictating its immune interactions are not well defined. Using Perturb-map, we determine how dozens of different gene perturbations shape the growth and cellular environments of PDAC clones through space and time. Our study reveals dynamic, gene-specific adaptations of immune neighborhoods during clonal selection. We identified (PAI2) and (PAI1) as key cancer-derived mediators of TME remodeling and immune evasion. These factors promote the deposition of a fibrin-rich ECM that shapes immune cell composition, locally retains and polarizes immunosuppressive macrophages and excludes cytotoxic T cells. Deletion of either or greatly enhanced tumor response to anti-PD1 immunotherapy in an aggressive PDAC model. Transcriptomic analysis further linked their expression to distinct PDAC subtypes and poor patient survival. Our findings demonstrate that and establish a permissive niche for tumor progression and show how PDAC cells exploit components of the fibrinolysis pathway to remodel the ECM, alter macrophage composition, and protect themselves from immune editing, ultimately reinforcing the role of extracellular factors in shaping an immune-privileged tumor niche.
胰腺导管腺癌(PDAC)的特征是存在致密的细胞外基质(ECM),其维持着免疫抑制性肿瘤微环境(TME)。虽然这种保护性生态位已被描述,但协调其形成并决定其免疫相互作用的分子决定因素尚不清楚。我们使用Perturb-map来确定数十种不同的基因扰动如何随时间和空间塑造PDAC克隆的生长和细胞环境。我们的研究揭示了克隆选择过程中免疫邻域的动态、基因特异性适应性变化。我们确定纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂2(PAI2)和纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂1(PAI1)是TME重塑和免疫逃逸的关键癌症衍生介质。这些因子促进富含纤维蛋白的ECM沉积,从而塑造免疫细胞组成,在局部保留并极化免疫抑制性巨噬细胞,并排除细胞毒性T细胞。在侵袭性PDAC模型中,删除PAI2或PAI1可大大增强肿瘤对抗PD1免疫疗法的反应。转录组分析进一步将它们的表达与不同的PDAC亚型和患者的不良生存情况联系起来。我们的研究结果表明,PAI2和PAI1为肿瘤进展建立了一个许可性生态位,并展示了PDAC细胞如何利用纤维蛋白溶解途径的成分来重塑ECM、改变巨噬细胞组成并保护自己免受免疫编辑,最终强化了细胞外因子在塑造免疫特权肿瘤生态位中的作用。