陀螺刀放射外科作为上颌窦鳞状细胞癌的非侵入性替代治疗:一例报告及文献综述
Gyroscopic Radiosurgery as a Non-invasive Alternative Treatment for Maxillary Sinus Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Case Report and Literature Review.
作者信息
Mazon Pablo, Zheng Alec, Wu Xiaodong, Wolf Aizik
机构信息
Miami Neuroscience Center, Larkin Community Hospital, Miami, USA.
Neurological Surgery, Hospital Universitario Insular de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, ESP.
出版信息
Cureus. 2025 Jun 16;17(6):e86153. doi: 10.7759/cureus.86153. eCollection 2025 Jun.
Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the maxillary sinus is a rare malignancy that often presents at an advanced stage due to its nonspecific symptoms and anatomical complexity. Surgical resection remains the primary treatment, frequently combined with radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy. However, in selected patients, non-surgical alternatives may be necessary due to comorbidities or personal preference. We report the case of a 46-year-old male with a history of pharmacologically managed hypertension who presented with progressive left ocular discomfort, erythema, and epiphora. Imaging revealed a mass occupying the left maxillary sinus with regional extension. Histopathological analysis confirmed SCC. Although extensive surgical resection was recommended, the patient declined surgery and chemotherapy due to concerns about functional and cosmetic outcomes. As an alternative, he underwent stereotactic radiosurgery using the ZAP-X system. The treatment delivered a total of 27 Gy in three fractions with conformal dose distribution and strict organ-at-risk sparing. Follow-up over 12 months demonstrated sustained clinical improvement and radiological evidence of complete response, without evidence of local recurrence or distant metastasis. While surgery followed by adjuvant therapy is the gold standard for maxillary sinus SCC, this case supports the potential role of stereotactic radiosurgery as a viable, organ-preserving alternative in early-stage disease when surgery is not feasible or preferred. A review of the literature indicates limited data on non-surgical management for early-stage SCC, particularly using stereotactic radiosurgery systems like ZAP-X. This case is the first reported instance of early-stage (T2N0M0) maxillary sinus SCC successfully managed with stereotactic radiosurgery alone, demonstrating favorable clinical and imaging outcomes after one year. This treatment strategy may offer a promising alternative in well-selected cases, warranting further research into its broader applicability.
上颌窦鳞状细胞癌(SCC)是一种罕见的恶性肿瘤,由于其症状不具特异性且解剖结构复杂,常常在晚期才被发现。手术切除仍然是主要的治疗方法,通常会结合放疗和/或化疗。然而,对于某些特定患者,由于合并症或个人偏好,可能需要采用非手术替代方案。我们报告了一例46岁男性患者,有药物控制高血压病史,出现进行性左眼不适、红斑和流泪症状。影像学检查发现左侧上颌窦有占位性病变并伴有区域扩散。组织病理学分析确诊为SCC。尽管建议进行广泛的手术切除,但患者因担心功能和美容效果而拒绝手术和化疗。作为替代方案,他接受了使用ZAP-X系统的立体定向放射外科治疗。该治疗分三次给予总计27 Gy的剂量,剂量分布适形且严格保护危及器官。12个月的随访显示临床持续改善,并有影像学证据表明完全缓解,无局部复发或远处转移迹象。虽然手术加辅助治疗是上颌窦SCC的金标准,但该病例支持立体定向放射外科在手术不可行或患者不首选时作为早期疾病可行的器官保留替代方案的潜在作用。文献综述表明,关于早期SCC非手术治疗的数据有限,特别是使用像ZAP-X这样的立体定向放射外科系统。该病例是首例单独使用立体定向放射外科成功治疗的早期(T2N0M0)上颌窦SCC报告,显示一年后临床和影像学效果良好。这种治疗策略在精心挑选的病例中可能提供一个有前景的替代方案,值得进一步研究其更广泛的适用性。