Rehman Tanzil Ur, Shah Luqman Ali, Yoo Hyeongmin
Polymer Laboratory, National Centre of Excellence in Physical Chemistry, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan.
Polymer Laboratory, National Centre of Excellence in Physical Chemistry, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan.
Int J Biol Macromol. 2025 Jul 16:146098. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.146098.
This study is basically, the development of Bingham precursor hydrogel-based solution for direct ink writing (DIW) for the development of 3D printed hydrogels. The hydrogel is used as a precursor solution for its promising application in artificial human organ development, flexible, and wearable strain sensor by DIW method. The development of Bingham fluid with controlled and improved fluidity, enhancing the mechanical property of extruded materials, stability, and conductivity remains challenging. Currently, we demonstrate the synthesis of hydrogel precursor solution for sensors and artificial human organs fabrication via 3D printing by DIW method to approach mechanically better and more sensitive hydrogels. In present work, the precursor solution was developed, using acrylamide (Am), gellan gum (GG), SiO nano-particles, and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) for potential application in healing, mechanical improvement, and sensitivity factors. This compositional mixture of various organic, inorganic fillers, and additives is optimized regarding the improve 3D printability by rheological characterization process for Bingham fluid. The critical strain (γ) within the linear viscoelastic region (LVER) improved from 14 to 46.2. Furthermore, these fabricated hydrogels have been evaluated for dynamic mechanical analysis for tensile and healing properties. By introducing SiO and CNTs into Am/GG co-polymeric hydrogels, the tensile strength (fracture stress) of 158.7 kPa was found with 69 kJ/m of toughness, which is 206 % enhancement and 0.23 kPa of elasticity (Young's modulus) having 328 % improvement then pure hydrogels. The as synthesized hydrogel was used for 3D printing of different shapes and a sensor for human motion detection. The hydrogel recovered up to 90 % of its original tensile strength after self-healing, demonstrating a strong capacity for structural restoration which mimic the self-directed repairing of minor damage of hydrogel during its routine operation.
本研究主要是开发基于宾汉前驱体水凝胶的溶液，用于直接墨水书写（DIW）以制备3D打印水凝胶。该水凝胶用作前驱体溶液，因其在人工人体器官开发、柔性可穿戴应变传感器方面有应用前景，采用DIW方法。开发具有可控且改善的流动性、增强挤出材料的机械性能、稳定性和导电性的宾汉流体仍然具有挑战性。目前，我们展示了通过DIW方法通过3D打印合成用于传感器和人工人体器官制造的水凝胶前驱体溶液，以制备机械性能更好、更灵敏的水凝胶。在当前工作中，开发了前驱体溶液，使用丙烯酰胺（Am）、结冷胶（GG）、SiO纳米颗粒和碳纳米管（CNT），用于在愈合、机械性能改善和灵敏度因素方面的潜在应用。通过对宾汉流体的流变学表征过程，对各种有机、无机填料和添加剂的这种组成混合物进行了优化，以提高3D打印性。线性粘弹性区域（LVER）内的临界应变（γ）从14提高到46.2。此外，对这些制备的水凝胶进行了动态力学分析，以评估其拉伸和愈合性能。通过将SiO和CNT引入Am/GG共聚物水凝胶中，发现拉伸强度（断裂应力）为158.7kPa，韧性为69kJ/m，与纯凝胶相比，增强了206%，弹性（杨氏模量）为0.23kPa，提高了328%。合成的水凝胶用于3D打印不同形状以及用于人体运动检测的传感器。水凝胶在自愈后恢复了高达90%的原始拉伸强度，显示出很强的结构恢复能力，这模拟了水凝胶在日常操作中对轻微损伤的自我定向修复。
