Role of Liver-Derived Ketones, Hepatokines, and Metabolites in the Regulation of Renal Function.

Alteration in renal function has long been known to be a consequence of liver disease. However, the mechanisms by which the liver can regulate kidney function under basal conditions and in response to liver disease have yet to be fully understood. The liver is a complex organ capable of producing metabolites, including ketones, bile acids, and hepatokines such as fibroblast growth factor 21. Alterations in the hepatic production of these metabolites and hormones can significantly affect renal function and may play a crucial role in the development of kidney disease. The goal of this review is to summarize the mechanisms by which liver-derived metabolites and hepatokines regulate kidney function in health and disease.