Malvankar Shivani, Jaiswal Pundrik, Bhat Panchami P, Mehto Subhash
Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Dharwad, Karnataka, India.
Laboratory of Cellular and Developmental Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, The National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States.
Front Immunol. 2025 Jul 7;16:1611719. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1611719. eCollection 2025.
Inflammation is closely linked to the development and progression of cancer, as well as the effectiveness of cancer treatment. Inflammation is an immune response triggered when the immune system detects harmful stimuli such as pathogens, damaged cells, or toxic substances through pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). This activates signaling pathways and inflammasomes leading to the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. In chronic inflammation, immune cells such as T and B lymphocytes, play a significant role in amplifying and sustaining the inflammatory response. The Inflammasomes are protein complexes that respond to microbes and danger signals, triggering an inflammatory response. Key inflammasomes, including NLRP3, AIM2, and NLRC4, regulate the release of proinflammatory cytokines and induce pyroptosis. While inflammasome activation is vital for immune defense, its dysregulation is associated with various diseases, including cancer. The relationship between inflammasomes and cancer is complex and varies depending on the context, with studies showing both promotion and inhibition of tumor growth. This review highlights the connection between microbes and radiation induced inflammatory regulators and cancer, stressing the need for research to understand the mechanisms through which inflammasomes and other inflammatory sensors control cancer.
炎症与癌症的发生、发展以及癌症治疗的效果密切相关。炎症是免疫系统通过模式识别受体（PRR）检测到病原体、受损细胞或有毒物质等有害刺激时触发的免疫反应。这会激活信号通路和炎性小体，导致促炎细胞因子的释放。在慢性炎症中，T淋巴细胞和B淋巴细胞等免疫细胞在放大和维持炎症反应中起重要作用。炎性小体是对微生物和危险信号作出反应、触发炎症反应的蛋白质复合物。包括NLRP3、AIM2和NLRC4在内的关键炎性小体调节促炎细胞因子的释放并诱导细胞焦亡。虽然炎性小体激活对免疫防御至关重要，但其失调与包括癌症在内的各种疾病有关。炎性小体与癌症之间的关系复杂，因情况而异，研究表明其对肿瘤生长既有促进作用也有抑制作用。本综述强调了微生物和辐射诱导的炎症调节因子与癌症之间的联系，强调需要开展研究以了解炎性小体和其他炎症传感器控制癌症的机制。
