[Progress on ultrasound-responsive piezoelectric drug delivery system for treatment of neurodegenerative diseases].

Ultrasound has emerged as a non-invasive neural modulation technique. Its mechanisms of action in the brain involve mechanical, cavitation, and thermal effects, which modulate neural activity by activating mechanosensitive ion channels, enhancing cell permeability, and improving blood circulation. The ultrasound-piezo-electric systems, based on the coupling between ultrasound and piezoelectric materials, can generate wireless electrical stimulation to promote neural repair, significantly improving therapeutic outcomes for neurodegenerative diseases and showing potential as a replacement for traditional invasive deep brain stimulation techniques. The ultrasound-responsive piezoelectric drug delivery system combines mechano-electrical conversion capability of piezoelectric materials with the non-invasive penetration advantage of ultrasound. This system achieves synergistic therapeutic effects for neurodegenerative diseases through on-demand drug release and wireless electrical stimulation in deep brain regions. It can effectively overcome the blood-brain barrier limitation, enabling precisely targeted drug delivery to specific brain regions. Simultaneously, it generates electrical stimulation in deep brain areas to exert synergistic neuroreparative effects. Together, these capabilities provide a more precise, efficient, and safe solution for treating neurodegenerative diseases. This review summarizes the neural regulatory mechanisms, technical advantages, and research progress of the ultrasound-responsive piezoelectric drug delivery systems for neurodegenerative disease therapy, aiming to offer novel insights for the field.