Aktas Gulali
Department of Internal Medicine, Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu 14030, Türkiye.
World J Diabetes. 2025 Jul 15;16(7):105233. doi: 10.4239/wjd.v16.i7.105233.
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia and insulin resistance, often leading to severe complications. Hemogram markers have attracted great attention from researchers for their established role in inflammatory conditions. In this respect, T2DM and its microvascular complications are characterized by high inflammatory burden. Hence, recent studies in the literature have reported an association between T2DM and hemogram-derived markers. Emerging evidence highlights the utility of hemogram-derived markers, including the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio, red cell distribution width, and mean platelet volume, as potential predictors of T2DM onset and progression. These markers, readily available from routine hemogram tests, offer valuable insights into the systemic inflammation and vascular changes associated with T2DM and its complications, such as cardiovascular disease, nephropathy, and retinopathy. This review synthesizes current research on the association between hemogram-derived markers and T2DM, emphasizing their prognostic value in predicting disease severity and complications. We also explore the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms linking these markers to inflammation and metabolic dysfunction. The findings suggest that hemogram-derived markers could serve as cost-effective, non-invasive tools for risk stratification and early intervention in T2DM management. Future research should focus on standardizing reference ranges and validating these markers in diverse populations to enhance their clinical utility.
2型糖尿病（T2DM）是一种慢性代谢紊乱疾病，其特征为高血糖和胰岛素抵抗，常导致严重并发症。血常规指标因其在炎症状态下已确立的作用而备受研究人员关注。在这方面，T2DM及其微血管并发症具有高炎症负荷的特点。因此，近期文献研究报道了T2DM与血常规衍生指标之间的关联。新出现的证据凸显了血常规衍生指标的效用，包括中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值、血小板与淋巴细胞比值、红细胞分布宽度和平均血小板体积，它们可作为T2DM发病和进展的潜在预测指标。这些指标可通过常规血常规检测轻松获得，为与T2DM及其并发症（如心血管疾病、肾病和视网膜病变）相关的全身炎症和血管变化提供了有价值的见解。本综述综合了当前关于血常规衍生指标与T2DM之间关联的研究，强调了它们在预测疾病严重程度和并发症方面的预后价值。我们还探讨了将这些指标与炎症和代谢功能障碍联系起来的潜在病理生理机制。研究结果表明，血常规衍生指标可作为T2DM管理中进行风险分层和早期干预的经济有效、非侵入性工具。未来的研究应侧重于标准化参考范围，并在不同人群中验证这些指标，以提高其临床效用。
