Chang Jing-Yuan, Azizov Djavdat, Shinde Vikki N, Yun Sangho D, Rider Robert L, Zhu Yun, Bahramimoghaddam Hanieh, Lynn Michael, Russell David H, Fang Lei, Laganowsky Arthur
Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States.
J Am Chem Soc. 2025 Aug 6;147(31):28513-28522. doi: 10.1021/jacs.5c10841. Epub 2025 Jul 25.
Native mass spectrometry is playing a central role in characterizing the noncovalent interactions of membrane proteins, enabling the discovery of lipids that regulate membrane protein function and modulate interactions with other molecules. The use of specialized charge-reducing detergents and/or molecular additives is critical to mitigate overactivation during native MS to facilitate proper analysis. Here, we present the design and synthesis of a new class of dual-headgroup detergents featuring two distinct hydrophilic moieties. One headgroup, the spermine moiety, is designed to promote lower charge states of membrane proteins, thereby enhancing the preservation of labile complexes in the mass spectrometer. The other hydrophilic headgroup─either a maltoside or a tetraethylene glycol moiety─is commonly found in traditional detergents used for the extraction and solubilization of membrane protein complexes. Using a diverse set of membrane proteins varying in size, topology, and oligomeric state, we demonstrate that these novel dual-headgroup detergents exhibit exceptional charge-reducing properties, particularly when introduced to membrane proteins solubilized in different detergents. Additionally, we highlight their effectiveness in preserving the complex of a G-protein-coupled receptor with a nanobody that selectively binds to its active state. Collectively, these high-performance detergents advance the rational design of detergents for native MS and expand the capabilities for studying membrane proteins in diverse biochemical environments.
原生质谱在表征膜蛋白的非共价相互作用中发挥着核心作用,能够发现调节膜蛋白功能并调节与其他分子相互作用的脂质。使用专门的电荷减少型去污剂和/或分子添加剂对于减轻原生质谱过程中的过度激活以促进正确分析至关重要。在此,我们展示了一类具有两个不同亲水部分的新型双头基团去污剂的设计与合成。一个头基团,即精胺部分,旨在促进膜蛋白的低电荷状态,从而增强质谱仪中不稳定复合物的保留。另一个亲水头部基团——麦芽糖苷或四甘醇部分——常见于用于提取和溶解膜蛋白复合物的传统去污剂中。使用一组大小、拓扑结构和寡聚状态各异的膜蛋白,我们证明这些新型双头基团去污剂具有出色的电荷减少特性,特别是当引入溶解在不同去污剂中的膜蛋白时。此外,我们强调了它们在保留G蛋白偶联受体与选择性结合其活性状态的纳米抗体复合物方面的有效性。总体而言,这些高性能去污剂推动了原生质谱去污剂的合理设计,并扩展了在不同生化环境中研究膜蛋白的能力。