Crnoglavac Popović Milica, Stanković Vesna, Stanković Dalibor, Prodanović Radivoje
Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
IHTM, Njegoševa 12, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
Biosensors (Basel). 2025 Jul 3;15(7):430. doi: 10.3390/bios15070430.
The engineering of proteins, nucleic acids, and nanomaterials has significantly advanced the development of biosensors for the monitoring of rare diseases. These innovative biosensing technologies facilitate the early detection and management of conditions that often lack adequate diagnostic solutions. By utilizing engineered proteins and functional nucleic acids, such as aptamers and nucleic acid sensors, these biosensors can achieve high specificity in identifying the biomarkers associated with rare diseases. The incorporation of nanomaterials, like nanoparticles and nanosensors, enhances sensitivity and allows for the real-time monitoring of biochemical changes, which is critical for timely intervention. Moreover, integrating these technologies into wearable devices provides patients and healthcare providers with continuous monitoring capabilities, transforming the landscape of healthcare for rare diseases. The ability to detect low-abundance biomarkers in varied sample types, such as blood or saliva, can lead to breakthroughs in understanding disease pathways and personalizing treatment strategies. As the field continues to evolve, the combination of protein, nucleic acid, and nanomaterial engineering will play a crucial role in developing next-generation biosensors that are not only cost-effective but also easy to use, ultimately improving outcomes and the quality of life for individuals affected by rare diseases.
蛋白质、核酸和纳米材料的工程化极大地推动了用于监测罕见病的生物传感器的发展。这些创新的生物传感技术有助于对那些往往缺乏足够诊断解决方案的病症进行早期检测和管理。通过利用工程化蛋白质和功能性核酸，如适体和核酸传感器，这些生物传感器在识别与罕见病相关的生物标志物方面能够实现高特异性。纳米材料（如纳米颗粒和纳米传感器）的加入提高了灵敏度，并能对生化变化进行实时监测，这对于及时干预至关重要。此外，将这些技术集成到可穿戴设备中，为患者和医疗保健提供者提供了连续监测能力，改变了罕见病的医疗格局。能够在各种样本类型（如血液或唾液）中检测低丰度生物标志物，可能会在理解疾病途径和个性化治疗策略方面取得突破。随着该领域的不断发展，蛋白质、核酸和纳米材料工程的结合将在开发下一代生物传感器方面发挥关键作用，这些生物传感器不仅具有成本效益，而且易于使用，最终改善受罕见病影响个体的治疗效果和生活质量。
